Coherent gigabit ethernet and passive optical network coexistence in optical communications module link extender related systems and methods

ABSTRACT

This disclosure describes devices and methods related to multiplexing optical data signals. A method may be disclosed for multiplexing one or more optical data signals. The method may comprise receiving, by a dense wave division multiplexer (DWDM), one or more optical data signals. The method may comprise combining, by the DWDM, the one or more optical data signals. The method may comprise outputting, by the DWDM, the combined one or more optical data signals to one or more wave division multiplexer (WDM). The method may comprise combining, by the one or more WDM, the combined one or more optical data signals and one or more second optical data signals, and outputting an egress optical data signal comprising the combined one or more optical data signals and one or more second optical data signals.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION

The present application is related to and claims priority fromco-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/877,247 field Jan. 22,2018, which is a conversion of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.62/448,663 filed Jan. 20, 2017, and U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 62/536,431 filed Jul. 24, 2017, the disclosures of which areincorporated by reference as set forth in full.

FIELD OF INVENTION

This disclosure relates generally to the field of opticaltelecommunications and includes an integrated module with severalsub-assemblies.

BACKGROUND

To understand the importance of optical networking, the capabilities ofthis technology have to be discussed in the context of the challengesfaced by the telecommunications industry, and, in particular, serviceproviders. Most U.S. networks were built using estimates that calculatedbandwidth use by employing concentration ratios derived from classicalengineering formulas for modeling network usage such as the Poissonprocess. Consequently, forecasts of the amount of bandwidth capacityneeded for data networks were calculated on the presumption that a givenindividual would only use network bandwidth six minutes of each hour.These formulas did not factor in the amount of traffic generated bydifferent devices accessing the Internet. With the advent of theInternet and the ever increasing number of devices (e.g., facsimilemachines, multiple phone lines, modems, teleconferencing equipment,mobile devices including smart phones, tablets, laptops, wearabledevices, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, etc.) accessing theInternet, there has been an average increase in Internet traffic of 300percent year over year. Had these factors been included, a far differentestimate would have emerged.

As a result of this explosive growth of devices, an enormous amount ofbandwidth capacity is required to provide the services required by thesedevices. In the 1990s, some long-distance carriers increased theircapacity (bandwidth) to 1.2 Gbps over a single optical fiber pair, whichwas a considerable upgrade at the time. At a transmission speed of oneGbps, one thousand books can be transmitted per second. However today,if one million families in a city decided to view a video on a Web site(e.g., YouTube, Home Box Office (HBO) on the go, DirectTV, etc.) thennetwork transmission rates on the order of terabits are required. With atransmission rate of one terabit, it is possible to transmit 200 millionsimultaneous full duplex phone calls or transmit the text from 300years-worth of daily newspapers per second.

When largescale data networks providing residential, commercial, andenterprise customers with Internet access were first deployed, theunprecedented growth in the number of devices accessing the networkcould not have been imagined. As a result, the network growthrequirements needed in order to meet the demand of the devices were notconsidered at that time either. For example, from 1994 to 1998, it isestimated that the demand on the U.S. interexchange carriers' (IXC's)network would increase sevenfold, and for the U.S. local exchangecarriers' (LEC's) network, the demand would increase fourfold. Forinstance, some cable companies indicated that their network growth was32 times the previous year, while other cable companies have indicatedthat the size of their networks have doubled every six months in afour-year period.

In addition to this explosion in consumer demand for bandwidth, manyservice provider are coping with optical fiber exhaust in their network.For example, in 1995 alone many (ISP) companies indicated that theamount of embedded optical fibers already in use at the time was between70 percent and 80 percent (i.e., 70 to 80 percent of the capacity oftheir networks were used the majority of the time to provide service tocustomers). Today, many cable companies are nearing one hundred percentcapacity utilization across significant portions of their networks.Another problem for cable companies is the challenge of deploying andintegrating diverse technologies in on physical infrastructure. Customerdemands and competitive pressures mandate that carriers offer diverseservices economically and deploy them over the embedded network. Onepotential technology that meets these requirements is based onmultiplexing a large and diverse number of data, regardless of the typeof data, onto a beam of light that may be attenuated to propagate atdifferent wavelengths. The different types of data may comprisefacsimile sources, landline voice sources, voice over Internet Protocol(VOIP) sources, video sources, web browser sources, mobile devicesources including voice application sources, short messaging service(SMS) application sources, multimedia messaging service (MMS)application sources, mobile phone third party application (app) sources,and/or wearable device sources. When a large and diverse number of datasources, such as the ones mentioned in the previous sentence, aremultiplexed together over light beams transmitted on an optical fiber,it may be referred to as a dense wave division multiplexing (DWDM).

The use of an optical communications module link extender (OCML) circuitas described herein allows cable companies to offer these servicesregardless of the open systems interconnection (OSI) model network layer(layer 3) protocols or media access control (MAC) (layer 2) protocolsthat are used by the different sources to transmit data. For example,e-mail, video, and/or multimedia data such as web based content data,may generate IP (layer 3) data packets that are transmitted inasynchronous transfer mode (ATM) (layer 2) frames. Voice (telephony)data may be transmitted over synchronous optical networking(SONET)/synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH). Therefore regardless ofwhich layer is generating data (e.g., IP, ATM, and/or SONET/SDH) a DWDMpassive circuit provides unique bandwidth management by treating alldata the same. This unifying capability allows cable companies with theflexibility to meet customer demands over a self-contained network.

A platform that is able to unify and interface with these technologiesand position the cable company with the ability to integrate current andnext-generation technologies is critical for a cable company's success.

Cable companies faced with the multifaceted challenge of increasedservice needs, optical fiber exhaust, and layered bandwidth management,need options to provide economical and scalable technologies. One way toalleviate optical fiber exhaust is to lay more optical fiber, and, forthose networks where the costs of laying new optical fiber is minimal,the best solution may be to lay more optical fiber. This solution maywork in more rural, where there may be no considerable populationgrowth. However, in urban or suburban areas laying new optical fiber maybe costly. Even if it was not costly, the mere fact that more cable isbeing laid does not necessarily enable a cable company to provide newservices or utilize the bandwidth management capabilities of theunifying optical transmission mechanism such as DWDM.

Another solution may be to increase the bit rate using time divisionmultiplexing (TDM). TDM increases the capacity of an optical fiber byslicing time into smaller time intervals so that more bits of data canbe transmitted per second. Traditionally, this solution has been themethod of choice, and cable companies have continuously upgraded theirnetworks using different types of digital signaling technologies tomultiplex data over SONET/SDH networks. For example, Digital Signal (DS)DS-1, DS-2, DS-3, DS-4, and DS-5, commonly referred to as T1, T2, T3,T4, or T5 lines, are different carrier signals, that are transmittedover SONET/SDH networks that can carry any of the sources of datamentioned above, whose data rates increase with the number assigned tothe DS. That is DS-1 was the earliest carrier signal used to transmitdata over SONET/SDH networks, and has the lowest data rate and DS-5 isthe most recent carrier signal use to transmit data over SONET/SDHnetworks with the highest data rate. Cable company networks, especiallySONET/SDH networks have evolved over time to increase the number of bitsof data that can be transmitted per second by using carrier signals withhigher data rates. However, when cable companies use this approach, theymust purchase capacity based on what the SONET/SDH standard dictateswill be the next increase in capacity. For example, cable companies canpurchase a capacity of 10 Gbps for TDM, but should the capacity not beenough the cable companies will have to purchase a capacity of 40 Gbpsfor TDM, because there are no intermediate amounts of capacity forpurchase. In such a situation, a cable company may purchase asignificant amount of capacity that they may not use, and that couldpotentially cost them more than they are willing to pay to meet theneeds of their customers. Furthermore, with TDM based SONET/SDHnetworks, the time intervals can only be reduced to a certain sizebeyond which it is no longer possible to increase the capacity of aSONET/SDH network. For instance, increasing the capacity of SONET/SDHnetworks to 40 Gbps using TDM technology may prove to be extremelydifficult to achieve in the future.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 depicts a schematic of an Optical Communications Module Link(OCML) Extender, in accordance with the disclosure.

FIG. 2 depicts an network architecture, in accordance with thedisclosure.

FIG. 3 depicts an access network diagram of an OCML headend and outsideplant, in accordance with the disclosure. Replace the AWG in Field Hub350 with DWDM. The DWDM in the field hub can be a TFF or AWG. In thefield hub 312 is DS and 314 UP. Please check document where these arereferenced for accuracy

FIG. 4 shows an access link loss budget of a Dense Wave DivisionMultiplexing (DWDM) passive circuit, in accordance with the disclosure.

FIG. 5 depicts an access network diagram of an OCML headend and outsideplant, in accordance with the disclosure. As shown 512 should be DS and514 should be UP. Please review document where you have referenced thesefor accuracy. 599 is described as UP while it should be DS.

FIG. 6 depicts an access network diagram of an OCML headend and outsideplant, in accordance with the disclosure. As shown 612 should be DS and614 UP. Please check document where these are referenced for accuracy

FIG. 7 depicts different passive optical network (PON) transceiverparameters associated with downstream transmitting circuits and upstreamtransmitting circuits, in accordance with the disclosure.

FIG. 8 depicts a graphical representation of wavelengths used totransport one or more signals, in accordance with the disclosure. Addthe wavelength range for the 10GEPON/XGPON to the figure. 1571 nm to1591 nm and 1260 nm to 1280 nm

FIG. 9 a stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) diagram, in accordance withthe disclosure.

FIG. 10 depicts a schematic illustration of wavelength and optical fibermonitoring of cascaded OCML headends in accordance with the disclosure.

FIG. 11 a schematic illustration of wavelength and optical fibermonitoring of an OCML headend in accordance with the disclosure.

FIG. 12 depicts an access network diagram of an OCML headend comprisingwavelength division multiplexers (WDMs), a dense wavelength divisionmultiplexer (DWDM), and optical amplifiers, in accordance with thedisclosure.

FIG. 13 depicts an access network diagram of an OCML headend comprisingWDMs, a DWDM, optical amplifiers, and dispersion control modules (DCMs),in accordance with the disclosure.

FIG. 14 depicts an access network diagram of an OCML headend and outsideplant, in accordance with the disclosure.

FIG. 15 depicts an access network diagram of an OCML headend and outsideplant, in accordance with the disclosure.

FIG. 16 depicts an access network diagram of an OCML headend and outsideplant, in accordance with the disclosure.

FIG. 17A depicts an access network diagram of an OCML headend, inaccordance with the disclosure.

FIG. 17B depicts an access network diagram of amultiplexer-demultiplexer (MDM), in accordance with the disclosure.

FIG. 18 depicts an access network diagram of an OCML headend and outsideplant, in accordance with the disclosure.

FIG. 19 depicts a process of transmitting optical signals with the OCMLheadend, in accordance with the disclosure.

FIG. 20 depicts a process of transmitting optical signals with the OCMLheadend, in accordance with the disclosure.

FIG. 21 depicts an aggregation node, in accordance with the disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

DWDM passive circuits can be used in combination with one or more otheroptical communications devices to develop novel signal extensioncircuits that increase the range with which light beams are propagatedand the number of signals that can be combined and transmitted from acable company to customers. The circuits disclosed herein may bereferred to Optical Communications Module Link (OCML) Extender. The OCMLpassive circuits, disclosed herein, increase the capacity of embeddedoptical fibers by first assigning incoming optical signals to specificfrequencies (wavelength, denoted by lambda) within a designatedfrequency band and then multiplexing the resulting signals out onto oneoptical fiber. Because incoming signals are never terminated in theoptical layer, the interface can be bit-rate and format independent,thereby allowing the service provider to integrate DWDM passive circuitseasily into a passive circuit, such as an OCML passive circuit, withexisting equipment in the network while gaining access to the untappedcapacity in the embedded optical fibers.

A DWDM passive circuit combines multiple optical signals fortransportation over a single optical fiber, thereby increasing thecapacity of a service provider's network. Each signal carried can be ata different rate (e.g., optical carrier transmission rate OC-3, OC-12,OC-24 etc.) and in a different format (e.g., SONET, ATM, data, etc.).For example, the networks disclosed herein comprise DWDM passivecircuits that transmit and receive a mix of SONET signals with differentdata rates (e.g., OC-48 signals with a data rate of 2.5 Gbps or OC-192signals with a data rate of 10 Gbps) can achieve data rates (capacities)of over 40 Gbps. The OCML passive circuits disclosed herein can achievethe aforementioned while maintaining the same degree of systemperformance, reliability, and robustness as current transport systems—oreven surpassing it. The OCML passive circuits may be a smart platform,integrated into a network headend or a network cabinet, and may connecta metro area network that provides internet and telecommunicationsservices to end users (e.g., enterprise multi dwelling unit (MDU)customers, residential customers, commercial customers, and industrialcustomers) via one or more optical fiber links. The OCML passivecircuits may also be referred to as OCML headends. The OCML headendenables a plurality of signals to be cost effectively transported overlong optical fiber distances between 5 km and 60 km without having toput any optical amplifiers or other active devices, like an opticalswitch, (which is normally used to provide path redundancy in case of anoptical fiber cut) in the field.

The OCML headend is intended to transport a mix of multi-wavelengthcoherent 10G non-return-to-zero (NRZ), coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE, GPON, and/or XGPON/10GEPON signals over the same optical fiberwithout having active devices such as optical amplifiers in the field.The OCML headend is also configured to support the same wavelengths overa secondary optical fiber via an optical switch in case the primaryoptical fiber experiences a cut. In one embodiment, an OCML headend,systems, and methods include various subsystems integrated into a singlemodule including an integrated DWDM passive circuit that combines andseparates bi-directional wavelengths in optical fibers propagating in aconventional wavelength window, such as the c band dispersive region ofthe optical fibers. The OCML headend may comprise a three port or fourport wave division multiplexer (WDM) or circulator to combine andseparate 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE downstreamand upstream signals of different wavelengths. The OCML headend may alsocomprise a four port WDM to combine GPON, EPON, and 10GNRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical signals of different wavelengths,whereas the DWDM combines SONSET/SDH and/or ATM signals. The OCMLheadend may also comprise a five port WDM to combine and separateupstream and downstream signals comprising GPON, XGPON/10GEPON, and10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signalsof different wavelengths. Although the term multiplexer is used todescribe the WDMs as disclosed herein, the WDMs do not exclusivelymultiplex (combine) one or more downstream signals into a singledownstream signal, but they also demultiplex (separate) a singleupstream signal into one or more upstream signals.

The WDM may comprise one or more thin film filters (TFFs) or arraywaveguide gratings (AWGs) that combine one or more downstream signalsinto a single downstream signal and separate a single upstream signalinto one or more upstream signals. The WDM may comprise one or morewavelength-converting transponders, wherein each of thewavelength-converting transponders receives an optical data signal(e.g., a 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical datasignal) from a client-layer optical network such as, for example, aSynchronous optical network (SONET)/synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH),Internet protocol (IP), and/or asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) opticalnetwork. Each of the wavelength-converting transponders converts theoptical data signal into an electrical data signal, and then convertsthe electrical data signal into a second optical data signal to beemitted by a laser, wherein the second optical data signal is carried byone or more packets of light oscillating with wavelengths in the c band.More specifically, each of the wavelength-converting transponders mayinclude a laser that emits the second optical data signal. That is eachof the second optical data signals may be emitted by a laser with aunique wavelength. In some embodiments, the wavelength-convertingtransponders may comprise two adjacent transceivers. That is, each ofthe wavelength-converting transponders may comprise a first transceiverthat converts the optical data signal into an electrical data signal,and may comprise second transceiver that converts the electrical datasignal into the second optical data signal. The second transceiverconverts the electrical signal to the second optical data signal suchthat the second optical data signal is transmitted with the correctwavelength.

A first wavelength-converting transponder, of the twowavelength-converting transponders, may emit a second optical datasignal with a 1550 nm wavelength. A second wavelength-convertingtransponder, of the two wavelength-converting transponders, may emit asecond optical data signal with a 1533 nm wavelength. For example, theremay be two wavelength-converting transponders, and each of the twowavelength-converting transponders may include a laser emitting a secondoptical data signal with a unique wavelength. Thus, each of thewavelength-converting transponders converts the electrical data signalinto an optical data signal, and each of the wavelength-convertingtransponders emits, or transmits, the optical data signal, with awavelength in the c band, to a TFF or AWG. The TFF or AWG, may combineor multiplex the optical data signals, emitted by each of thewavelength-converting transponders, into a multi-wavelength optical datasignal wherein each of the wavelengths in the multi-wavelength opticaldata signal coincide with the wavelengths associated with each of theoptical data signals. Returning to the example above of the twowavelength-converting transponders, the first and secondwavelength-converting transponders, may each receive an optical signalfrom a SONET/SDH client layer network. The first and secondwavelength-converting transponders may each respectively convert theoptical signal they received from the SONET/SDH client layer networkinto an electrical data signal. The first wavelength-convertingtransponder may convert the electrical data signal that it receives intoa second optical data signal with a first wavelength. The firstwavelength-converting transponder may emit, via a first laser, thesecond optical data signal, with the first wavelength, to the TFF orAWG. The second wavelength-converting transponder may convert theelectrical data signal that it receives into a second optical datasignal with a second wavelength. The second wavelength-convertingtransponder may emit, via a second laser, the second optical signal,with the second wavelength, to the TFF or AWG. The TFF or AWG maycombine or multiplex the second optical data signal, with the firstwavelength, and the second optical data signal, with the secondwavelength, onto a multi-wavelength optical signal. The TFF or AWG maybe referred to as an optical multiplexer.

The DWDM passive circuits disclosed herein may includewavelength-converting transponders and corresponding WDMs that combineor multiplex optical data signals similar to the WDMs described above.The DWDM passive circuits may also include wavelength-convertingtransponders and corresponding WDMs that separate optical data signals.In some embodiments, the same WDM may combine optical data signals andseparate optical data signals. That is, the WDM may separate one or moreoptical data signals from a multi-wavelength optical data signal, ordemultiplex the one or more optical data signals from themulti-wavelength optical data signal. The WDM may separate the one ormore optical data signals from a multi-wavelength optical data signalusing a process that is the exact opposite of the process used tocombine one or more optical data signals into a multi-wavelength signal.The WDM may separate one or more optical data signals from amulti-wavelength optical data signal that may correspond to an upstreamsignal received from a remote DWDM passive circuit.

The WDM may receive the multi-wavelength optical data signal and one ormore TTF or AWGs may separate the one or more optical data signals, fromthe multi-wavelength optical data signal, using filters or waveguidegratings with properties that separate optical data signals, withdifferent wavelengths, from a multi-wavelength optical data signal.After the WDM has separated the optical data signals, with differentwavelengths, from the multi-wavelength optical data signal, the WDM mayconvert each of the separated optical data signals to a correspondingelectrical data signal. The WDM may then convert the correspondingelectrical data signal to a second optical data signal, wherein thesecond optical data signal may be an optical data signal with signalcharacteristics commensurate for use with a SONET/SDH, IP, or ATMclient-layer optical network.

As mentioned above, the WDM may also be a circulator, or function as acirculator. The circulator in the WDM may be an optical circulatorcomprised of a fiber-optic component that can be used to separateupstream signals and downstream signals. The optical circulator may be athree-port or four-port device in which an optical data signal enteringone port will exit the next port. The optical circulator may be in theshape of a square, with a first port on the left side of the square, asecond port on the right side of the square, and a third port on thebottom side of the square. A first optical data signal (e.g., adownstream signal) entering the first port may exit the second port. Asecond optical data signal (e.g., an upstream signal) entering the thirdport may exit the first port.

An upstream signal, as referred to herein, may be a flow one or morepackets of light, oscillating with a predetermined wavelength, along oneor more optical fibers in a direction toward the OCML headend from afield hub or outside plant. A downstream signal, as referred to herein,may be a flow of one or more packets of light, oscillating with apredetermined wavelength, along one or more optical fibers in adirection away from the OCML headend and toward the field hub or outsideplant. The one or more packets of light may correspond to one or morebits of data. Both downstream and upstream signals propagate along thesame optical fiber, but in opposite directions. In some embodiments, thedownstream and upstream signals may propagate along the same fibersimultaneously using one or more wavelength multiplexing techniques asexplained below. This bidirectional simultaneous communication betweenthe OCML headend and the outside plant may be referred to as a fullduplex connection. Field hub and outside plant may be usedinterchangeably.

In some embodiments, the OCML headend may also comprise a boosteroptical amplifier, that amplifies downstream signals based on the lengthof a fiber between the OCML headend and the outside plant. The boosteroptical amplifier may be an Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA). Thecore of the EDFA may be an erbium-doped optical fiber, which may be asingle-mode fiber. The fiber may be pumped, by a laser, with one or morepackets of light in a forward or backward direction (co-directional andcounter-directional pumping). The one or more packets of light pumpedinto the fiber, may have a wavelength of 980 nm. In some embodiments thewavelength may be 1480 nm. As the one or more packets of light arepumped into the fiber erbium ions (Er³⁺) are excited and transition intoa state where the ions can amplify the one or more packets of light witha wavelength within the 1.55 micrometers range. The EDFA may alsocomprise two or more optical isolators. The isolators may prevent lightpumped into the fiber that leaves the EDFA from returning to the EDFA orfrom damaging any other electrical components connected to the EDFA. Insome embodiments, the EDFA may comprise fiber couplers andphotodetectors to monitor optical power levels. In other embodiments,the EDFA may further comprise pump laser diodes with control electronicsand gain flattening filters. The EDFA may have the effect of amplifyingeach of the one or more optical data signals, while they are combined ina multi-wavelength optical data signal, without introducing any effectsof gain narrowing. In particular, the EDFA may simultaneously amplifythe one or more optical data signals, each of which have a differentwavelength, within a gain region of the EDFA. A gain of the boosteroptical amplifier may be based at least in part on the length of thefiber. In some embodiments, the length of the fiber may be between 5 and60 kilometers.

The OCML headend may also comprise an optical pre-amplifier that mayamplify upstream signals. The optical pre-amplifier may also be an EDFA.The optical pre-amplifier may amplify upstream signals based on thelength of the fiber between the outside plant and the OCML headend toaccount for any loses in the strength of the upstream signalspropagating along the fiber. The gain of the optical pre-amplifier maybe based at least in part on a required signal strength of the upstreamsignals at an input to the DWDM passive circuit, in order for the DWDMto demultiplex the upstream signals. The optical pre-amplifier may havethe effect of amplifying a multi-wavelength optical data signal, so thatthe one or more optical data signals in the multi-wavelength opticaldata signal, each of which have different respective wavelengths, have acertain received power level at a DWDM passive circuit upstream inputport.

The optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) of the EDFA may be based atleast in part on an input power to the EDFA, a noise figure. In someembodiments the OSNR of the EDFA may be determined by the expressionOSNR=58 dB−NF−P_(in), where NF is the noise floor, P_(in) is the inputpower to the EDFA. 58 dB is constant that is based on Planck's constant,the speed of light, the bandwidth of the EDFA, and the wavelength of theone or more packets of light. In some embodiments, the OSNR of the EDFAsdisclosed herein may be as high as 40 dB, for one or more packets oflight that are transmitted downstream from OCML headend. The OSNR of thetransceivers disclosed herein may be as low as 23 dB, and there may be aplurality of bit error rate (BER) values associated with this 23 dBOSNR. The BER may be determined based at least in part on the energydetected per bit, noise power spectral density, and a complementaryerror function. More specifically the BER may be

${\frac{1}{2}{{erfc}\left( \sqrt{\frac{E_{b}}{N_{0}}} \right)}},$

wherein E_(b) is the energy detected per bit, N₀ is the noise powerspectral density, and erfc is the complementary error function. Forinstance, the transceivers disclosed herein may be able to achieve a BERof 10⁻¹² when the common logarithm ratio of received power to 1milliwatt (mW) is −23 dBm. For example, a transceiver in the OCMLheadend may receive an upstream flow or one or more packets of light,from a transceiver in the field hub or outside plant, that has a commonlogarithm ratio of received power per mW of −23 dBm. The BER may begreater for common logarithm ratios of received power per mW, meaningthat the BER may decrease with the higher common logarithm ratios ofreceived power per mW. The transceivers may be configured to havegreater OSNRs, and therefore lower BERs for the same value of a commonlogarithm ratio of received power per mW. For example, a firsttransceiver configured to have an OSNR of 24 dB with a common logarithmratio of received power per mW of −28 dBm may have an approximate BER of10⁻⁵ and a second transceiver configured to have an OSNR of 26 dB with acommon logarithm ratio of received power per mW of −28 dBm may have anapproximate BER of 10⁻⁷. Thus, transceivers configured to have a higherOSNR results in the transceiver having a lower BER for the same commonlogarithm ratio of received power per mW.

The OCML headend may also comprise an optical switch that may connect aWDM to a primary optical fiber connecting the OCML passive circuit tothe outside plant. The optical switch may also connect the WDM to asecondary optical fiber connecting the OCML passive circuit to theoutside plant. The optical switch may be in a first position thatconnects the WDM to the primary optical fiber, and may be in a secondposition that connects the WDM to the secondary optical fiber. Theoptical switch may be in the second position when the primary opticalfiber is disconnected or unresponsive.

Because the OCML headend, field hub or outside plant, and fiberconnecting the OCML headend and field hub or outside plant mainlycomprise passive optical components, in comparison to other optical ringnetworks that primarily have active components, one or more devices maybe needed to control for dispersion of light as it goes throughdifferent optical components. In particular, as packets of lighttraverse the different optical components in the OCML headend (e.g.,WDMs and/or optical amplifiers including booster amplifiers orpre-optical amplifiers), an optical data signal being carried by thepackets of light may begin to experience temporal broadening which is aform of optical data signal distortion. Because the OCML systemsdisclosed herein transmit high data rate optical data signals, about 10Gbps, there may be some strong dispersive temporal broadening effectsintroduced by one or more of the optical components in the OCML headend.The optical data signals disclosed herein may carry digital symbols,which are a series of binary digits (1 or 0), and each binary digit maybe represented by a pulse of light (one or more packets of light) of acertain amplitude, that lasts a certain period. For example, an opticaldata signal may be carrying a plurality of digital symbols, wherein apulse of light that has a certain amplitude and certain pulse width(certain period) represents each binary digit in a digital symbol of theplurality of digital symbols. The pulse widths of each of the pulses oflight may begin to broaden as each of the pulses of light traversesdifferent optical components. As a result, the symbol may begin tobroaden. Consequently, as each of the symbols begins to broaden in time,and may become indistinguishable from an adjacent symbol. This may bereferred to as intersymbol interference (ISI), and can make it difficultfor a fiber-optic sensor or photodetector receiving the optical datasignal to distinguish adjacent symbols from one another. In order tocompensate for this phenomenon, a dispersion compensation module (DCM)may be inserted between one or more optical components in the OCMLheadend. For example, a DCM may be receive an optical data signal outputfrom a WDM to compensate for any potential ISI that may be introduced asa result of different optical data signals, carried over pulses oflight, that have been combined, multiplexed, or circulated in the WDM.The DCM can also compensate for dispersion characteristics of the fiberbetween the OCML headend and the field hub or outside plant. Inparticular, the fiber may comprise certain optical elements or materialimpurities that can be compensated for in the DCM, wherein the DCMcomprises long pieces of dispersion-shifted fibers or chirped fiberBragg gratings. The dispersion-shifted fibers or chirped fiber Bragggratings can reduce ISI that is introduced by the fiber. In someembodiments, the OCML headend may comprise one or more DCMs tocompensate for ISI that may be introduced by one or more opticalcomponents in the OCML headend or fiber that is either upstream ordownstream from the one or more DCMs. For example, in one embodiment, afirst DCM may be positioned downstream from a first WDM and a second DCMmay be positioned upstream from a second WDM. This embodiment isillustrated in FIG. 1, and further explained below.

It should be noted that the DCMs may cause negative dispersion forshorter lengths of fiber (e.g., lengths of fiber less than 5kilometers). Negative dispersion may occur when a flow of one or morepackets of light, forming a wave, propagate along a distance of thefiber with a negative rate of change. The wave propagates along thefiber, and the wave has an electric field associated with it that isnormal to the direction of propagation of the wave, and a magnetic fieldassociated with it that is normal to the electric field and thedirection of propagation of the wave. The wave propagates along thefiber with an angular frequency, co, which may be a function of apropagation constant β. The electric and magnetic fields may bothoscillate in accordance with sinusoidal function e^(i(βz-ωt)), wherein zis a distance that the wave has traveled in the fiber, and t is the timeelapsed after the wave has been transmitted by the DCM. That is theelectric and magnetic field may oscillate in accordance with asinusoidal function equal to cos(βz−ωt)+i sin (βz−ωt), wherein theoscillation of the wave is based at least in part on the propagationconstant, and angular frequency, and the amount of time that has elapsedsince the wave has been transmitted by the DCM. The angular frequencymay be reciprocal of the amount of time that the electric and magneticfields oscillate an entire cycle or period. The propagation constant maybe a complex quantity, wherein the real part of the propagation constantis a measure of a change in the attenuation of the wave as it propagatesalong the fiber. The real part of the propagation constant may bereferred to as an attenuation constant. The imaginary part of thepropagation constant is a measure of a change in the phase of the waveas it propagates along the fiber. Because the angular frequency may bebased at least in part on the propagation constant, the angularfrequency of the wave may change as the attenuation and phase of thewave change. Accordingly, the velocity of the wave may change as itpropagates along the fiber and may begin to experience dispersion. Thevelocity of the wave may be the rate at which the angular frequencychanges as the propagation constant changes while the wave propagatesalong the fiber. That is the velocity of the wave may be expressed as

$v = {\frac{d\; \omega}{d\; \beta}.}$

The wavelength of the wave may be expressed as

${\lambda = {2\; \pi \; \frac{c}{\omega}}},$

wherein c is the speed of light. The dispersion of the wave may be basedat least in part on the speed of light, wavelength of the wave, velocityof the wave, and the rate of change of the velocity of the wave withrespect to the angular frequency. The dispersion of the wave may beexpressed as

$D = {\frac{2\; \pi \; c}{v^{2}\lambda^{2}}{\frac{dv}{d\; \omega}.}}$

D is a dispersion parameter of the wave and is based on the speed oflight (c), the velocity of the wave (v), the wavelength of the wave (λ),and the rate of change or first derivative of the velocity of the wavewith respect to the angular frequency of the wave

$\left( \frac{dv}{d\; \omega} \right).$

The dispersion parameter indicates whether the wave experiences positivedispersion (temporal broadening) or negative dispersion (temporalcontraction) as the wave propagates along the fiber. Negative dispersionmay occur when the rate of change or derivative of the velocity of thewave, with respect to the angular frequency is negative. When

$\left( \frac{dv}{d\; \omega} \right)$

is negative, the wave is said to be experiencing negative dispersion.Thus when the rate of change of the velocity of the wave with respect tothe angular frequency is negative, the wave may experience temporalcontraction. Accordingly, transceivers in the transponders of the DWDMof the field hub or outside plant must be capable of detecting wavessubject to negative dispersion. Negative dispersion is the opposite ofpositive dispersion in that ISI may not occur when a wave is detected atthe transceivers in the transponders of the DWDM of the field hub oroutside plant. However, temporal contraction of the wave may make itdifficult for a fiber-optic sensor or photodetector to detect an opticaldata signal carrying digital symbols, because the digital symbols in theoptical data signal may begin to overlap with one another. This mayhappen because each of the digital symbols are a series of binarydigits, and the binary digits are represented by a pulse of light (oneor more packets of light in the wave), and as the wave begins toexperience negative dispersion, each of the binary digits may begin tooverlap with one another. The transceivers disclosed herein are equippedwith fiber-optic sensors or photodetectors that are capable of correctlydetecting the one or more packets of light in the wave, when the wave issubject to positive and/or negative dispersion. The DCMs disclosedherein may transmit a signal a distance of 30 kilometers.

The OCML headend may also comprise a non-optical switch that switchesdue to a loss of light or on demand.

The OCML headend may also comprise wavelength-monitoring ports thatconnect to the primary and secondary optical fibers to monitor thewavelength of upstream signals comprising 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE, and/or XGPON/10GEPON signals and/or to monitor thewavelength of downstream signals comprising 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE, GPON, and/or XGPON/10GEPON signals.

Certain embodiments of the disclosure are directed to an OCML, systems,and methods. Embodiments of the disclosure now will be described morefully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in whichcertain embodiments are shown. This disclosure may, however, be embodiedin many different forms and should not be construed as limited to theembodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided sothat this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fullyconvey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. Likenumbers refer to like elements throughout.

It should be noted that the OCML headend may also be referred to as aterminal or Master Terminal Center (MTC). In some embodiments, the OCMLheadend may be collocated within the MTC. In other embodiments, the OCMLheadend may be located at a secondary transport center (STC) that may beconnected to the MTC via a network. In some embodiments, an outsideplant may also be referred to as a field hub or remote physical device(RPD). In some embodiments, the outside plant may be collocated with theRPD. In other embodiments, the outside plant and RPD may not becollocated and connected via a 10 Gigabit transceiver. The outside plantmay comprise one or more passive optical network devices.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic of an OCML headend according to at least oneembodiment of the disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1, headend 101 is a smartintegrated OCML headend, which is a circuit, comprising one or moreEDFAs (e.g., Optical amplifiers 102 and 104), a DWDM (e.g., DWDM 106),one or more WDMs (e.g., WDM 108 and 110), one or more DCMs (e.g., DCM112 and 114), and an optical switch 116 to feed a primary optical fiber(e.g., Primary Fiber 176) or secondary (backup) optical fiber (e.g.,Secondary Fiber 174). The disclosure provides a method of transportingmultiple 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE andGPON/XGPON/10GEPON signals on the same optical fiber over extended linksof up to 60 kms without a cable company having to put optical amplifiersbetween the cable's MTC facility and a field hub or outside plant. TheMTC facility may be an inside plant facility where a cable companyacquires and combines services to be offered to customers. The MTCfacility provides these combined services to customers, by transmittingand receiving optical signals over a plurality of optical fibers to afield hub or outside plant which connects the plurality of opticalfibers to a customer's premise. The OCML headend may be located in asecondary terminal center (STC) that connects the MTC facility to afield hub or outside plant housing a multiplexer-demultiplexer (MDM)(e.g., MDM 208 in FIG. 2).

In one aspect, headend 101 may comprise twenty 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE downstream (DS) transponders (e.g., 20×10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 190) and twenty 10GNRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE upstream (UP) transponders(e.g., 20×10 NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 188).20×10GNRZ, 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE 190 may transmit downstreamdata over twenty 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEwavelengths. 20×10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 188may receive upstream data over 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE wavelengths. Headend 101 may comprise two PON 124 connectors,one of which may be a GPON connector (e.g., GPON 184) and one of whichmay be an XGPON/10GEPON connector (e.g., XGPON/10GEPON 182). Headend 101may also comprise two wavelength-monitoring ports (e.g.,wavelength-monitoring ports 126), a primary optical fiber (e.g., primaryoptical fiber 176) and a secondary optical fiber (e.g., secondaryoptical fiber 174) that transmit and receive a plurality ofmulti-wavelength coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE andGPON/XGPON/10GEPON optical signals. Primary optical fiber 176 andsecondary optical fiber 174 may transmit a first plurality ofmulti-wavelength 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE,GPON, and/or XGPON/10GEPON optical signals from headend 101 to a outsideplant (not illustrated in FIG. 1), and may receive a second plurality ofmulti-wavelength 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE,GPON, and/or XGPON/10GEPON optical signals from the outside plant.

In some embodiments, 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE DS 190 and 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP188 may comprise connectors belonging to the laser shock hardening (LSH)family of connectors designed to transmit and receive optical datasignals between DWDM 106, and one or more cable company servers (notshown). In other embodiments, 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 190 and 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE UP 188 may also comprise E2000 connectors, and may utilize a1.25 millimeter (mm) ferrule. 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 190 and 20×10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE UP 188 may be installed with a snap-in and push-pull latchingmechanism, and may include a spring-loaded shutter which protects theferrule from dust and scratches. The shutter closes automatically oncethe connector is disengaged, locking out impurities, which could laterresult in network failure, and locking in possibly damaging lasers.20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 190 and20×10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 188 may operatein a single mode or a multimode.

In single mode, 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS190 and 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 188only one mode of light may be allowed to propagate. Because of this, thenumber of light reflections created as the light passes through the coreof single mode 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS190 and 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 188decreases, thereby lowering attenuation and creating the ability for theoptical data signal to travel further. Single mode may be for use inlong distance, higher bandwidth connections between one or more cablecompany servers and DWDM 106.

In multimode, 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS190 and 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 188,may have a large diameter core that allows multiple modes of light topropagate. Because of this, the number of light reflections created asthe light passes through the core increase, creating the ability formore data to pass through at a given time. Multimode 20×10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 190 and 20×10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 188, may generate highdispersion and a attenuation rate, which may reduce the quality of anoptical data signal transmitted over longer distances. Thereforemultimode may be used to transmit optical data signals over shorterdistances.

In one aspect, headend 101 can transmit and receive up to twentybi-directional 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEoptical data signals, but the actual number of optical data signals maydepend on operational needs. That is, headend 101 can transport more orless than twenty 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEdownstream optical signals, or more or less than twenty 20×10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE upstream optical data signals,based on the needs of customers' networks (e.g., Remote PHY Network 216,Enterprise Network 218, Millimeter Wave Network 214). These customernetworks may be connected to headend 101 through an optical ring network(e.g., metro access optical ring network 206).

The operation of headend 101 may be described by way of the processingof downstream optical data signals transmitted from headend 101 to afield hub or outside plant, and the processing of upstream optical datasignals received from the field hub or outside plant. Each of thetransponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS190 may receive a SONET/SDH optical data signal from a MTC and each ofthe transponders may convert the SONET/SDH optical data signal into anelectrical signal. More specifically, a first transceiver in thetransponder may convert the SONET/SDH optical data signal into anelectrical signal. A second transceiver may then convert the electricalsignal into a second optical data signal, wherein the second opticaldata signal comprises one or more packets of light each of which mayhave a distinct wavelength. Because the one or more packets of lighteach have a distinct wavelength, the second optical data signal may besaid to have this distinct wavelength. Thus, the twenty transponders in20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 190 may eachreceive a SONET/SDH optical data signal, and each of the twentytransponders may convert the received SONET/SDH optical data signal intoa corresponding second optical data signal, wherein each of thecorresponding second optical data signals has a unique wavelength. Thatis, the wavelength of each of the corresponding second optical datasignals is distinguishable from the wavelength of any of the othercorresponding second optical data signals. Thus 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 190 may generate twenty correspondingsecond optical data signals each of which has a unique wavelength.

DWDM 106 may receive the twenty corresponding second optical datasignals as an input and output a multi-wavelength downstream opticaldata signal (e.g., coherent 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE DS 98) comprising the twenty corresponding second optical datasignals onto a fiber. More specifically, DWDM 106 may multiplex thetwenty corresponding second optical data signals onto the fiber, whereinthe twenty multiplexed corresponding second optical data signals composethe multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal. Themulti-wavelength downstream optical data signal may have a wavelengthcomprising the twenty wavelengths of the twenty corresponding secondoptical data signals.

The multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 198, may be input to a WDM (e.g. WDM108). WDM 108 may be a three port wave division multiplexer (WDM), or athree port circulator, that receives 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 198 on port 194 and outputs 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 198 on port 186 as 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 172. 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 172 may be substantially the same as 10G NRZ, coherent100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 198 because WDM 108 may function asa circulator when 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS172 is input on port 194.

10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 172 may be inputinto a DCM (e.g., DCM 112) to compensate for dispersion that 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 172 may experience afterbeing amplified by an EDFA and multiplexed by a WDM, with other opticaldata signals, that are downstream from the DCM. The amplified andmultiplexed optical data signal may be referred to as an egress opticaldata signal, as it is the optical data signal that may be transmittedout of headend 101 over a fiber connecting headend 101 to a field hub oroutside plant. In some embodiments, DCM 112 may be configured to balancepositive and/or negative dispersion that may be introduced to the egressoptical data signal by the fiber. In some embodiments, DCM 112 may beconfigured to compensate for positive (temporal broadening of the egressoptical data signal) and/or negative (temporal contraction of the egressoptical data signal) dispersion introduced by fiber that is 80 km orgreater in length, to reduce the sensitivity or OSNR levels of atransceiver in a DWDM located at a field hub or outside plant. Morespecifically, DCM 112 may be configured to reduce the sensitivity orOSNR level requirement in a photodetector or fiber-optic sensor in thetransceiver, which may drastically reduce the cost of the transceiversused in the DWDM located at the field hub or outside plant.

DCM 112 may input 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS172 and may output 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS170 to an EDFA (e.g., booster optical amplifier 102). A gain of thebooster optical amplifier (e.g., booster optical amplifier 102) may bebased at least in part on a distance that a downstream signal has totravel. For example, the gain may be a function of a fiber attenuationcoefficient α, which is a measure of the intensity of the attenuation ofa beam of light as it traverses a length of an optical fiber segment.The unit of measurement of the fiber attenuation coefficient is decibels(dB) per km (dB/km). For instance, the gain of booster optical amplifier102 may be adjusted based at least in part on the attenuationcoefficient and length of fiber that the egress optical data signal willtravel. More specifically, the gain of booster optical amplifier 102 maybe G=e^((2αL)), where α is the fiber attenuation coefficient, asexplained above, and L is the length of the fiber (e.g., the length ofprimary fiber 176 and/or the length of secondary fiber 174). 10GNRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 170 may be amplified bybooster optical amplifier 102, and booster optical amplifier 102 mayoutput 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 178 to port164 of WDM 110.

WDM 110 may be a WDM that may multiplex 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 178 with one or more PON signals (e.g.,XGPON/10GEPON 182 and GPON 184). 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 178 may be a multi-wavelength optical data signal,wherein the wavelengths comprise the same wavelengths as 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 198. In some embodiments,the wavelengths of the multi-wavelength optical data signal 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 178 may be within theconventional c band of wavelengths, which may include wavelengths withinthe 1520 nm-1565 nm range. XGPON/10GEPON 182 may be a fiber carrying anXGPON/10GEPON optical data signal with a wavelength within the 1571nm-1582 nm range. GPON 184 may be a fiber carrying a GPON optical datasignal with a wavelength of 1490 nm. The XGPON/10GEPON optical signalmay be input to WDM 110 on port 162 and the GPON signal may be input toWDM 110 on port 160. WDM 110 outputs an egress optical data signal fromport 156, which may be a multi-wavelength optical data signal comprising10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE, signals. WDM 110 maymultiplex 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 178, theXGPON/10GEPON optical data signal, and GPON optical data signal the sameway DWDM 106 multiplexes optical data signals. The egress optical datasignal (e.g., egress optical data signal 152) may be output on port 158of WDM 110 and optical switch 116 may switch egress optical data signal152 out of connector 118 or connector 150. In some embodiments,connector 118 may be a primary connector and connector 150 may be asecondary connector or a backup connector. Wavelength monitoringconnector 146 may connect connector 118 to a first port ofwavelength-monitoring ports 126, and wavelength monitoring connector 148may connect connector 150 to a second port of wavelength-monitoringports 126. Wavelength-monitoring ports 126 may monitor the wavelengthsin egress optical data signal 152 via connector 146 or connector 148depending on the position of switch 116. Egress optical data signal 152may exit headend 101 either via connector 144 connected to primary fiber176 or via connector 142 connected to secondary fiber 174 depending onthe position of switch 116. Egress optical data signal 152 may betransmitted on primary fiber 176 to a first connector in the field hubor outside plant, or may be transmitted on secondary fiber 174 to asecond connector in the field hub or outside plant. The field hub oroutside plant may include a MDM with the first connector and the secondconnector.

The operation of headend 101 may be described by way of the processingof upstream optical data signals received at headend 101 from a fieldhub or outside plant. For instance, a multi-wavelength ingress opticaldata signal, comprising one or more of a 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal, XGPON/10GEPON optical datasignal, and/or GPON optical data signal, may be an upstream optical datasignal received on primary fiber 176 or secondary fiber 174 depending onthe position of switch 116. Because the multi-wavelength ingress opticaldata signal is routed to port 158 of WDM 110, and is altered negligiblybetween connector 144 and port 158 or connector 142 and port 158,depending on the position of switch 116, the multi-wavelength ingressoptical data signal may be substantially the same as ingress opticaldata signal 154. The multi-wavelength ingress optical data signal maytraverse connector 118 and switch 116, before entering WDM 110 via port158 if switch 116 is connected to connector 118. The multi-wavelengthingress optical data signal may traverse connector 150 switch 116,before entering WDM 110 via port 158 if switch 116 is connected toconnector 150. WDM 110 may demultiplex one or more 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals, XGPON/10GEPON opticaldata signals, and/or GPON optical data signals from ingress optical datasignal 154. WDM 110 may transmit the one or more XGPON/10GEPON opticaldata signals along XGPON/10GEPON 182 to one of PON connectors 124 viaport 162. WDM 110 may transmit the one or more GPON optical data signalsalong GPON 184 to one of PON connectors 124 via port 160. WDM 110 maytransmit the one or more 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE optical data signals (e.g., 10 GbE UP 180) out of port 156 to DCM114.

In some embodiments, DCM 114 may be configured to balance positiveand/or negative dispersion that may be introduced to a SONET/SDH egressoptical data signal that may exit headend 101 from 20×10G NRZ, coherent100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 188. The SONET/SDH egress opticaldata signal may be an upstream signal from a field hub or outside plantdestined for a MTC. For example, a customer premise may be connected tothe field hub or outside plant and may send one or more packets via aSONET/SDH network to the field hub or outside plant which may in turntransmit the one or more packets using 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals to headend 101. The one or morepackets may be destined for a company web server connected to the MTCvia a backbone network. Because headend 101 may be collocated in a STCthat is connected to the MTC via an optical ring network, wherein theconnection between the STC and MTC is an SONET/SDH optical networkconnection, DCM 114 may be configured to compensate for positive and/ornegative dispersion on the SONET/SDH optical network connection. That isDCM 114 may be configured to reduce temporal broadening of the SONET/SDHingress optical data signal or temporal contraction of the SONET/SDHingress optical data signal. DCM 114 may input 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 180 and may output 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 166 to an input of EDFA (e.g., opticalpre-amplifier 104).

A gain of optical pre-amplifier 104 may be based at least in part on adistance that the SONET/SDH egress optical data signal has to travel.For example, the gain may be a function of a fiber attenuationcoefficient α, which is a measure of the intensity of the attenuation ofa beam of light as it traverses a length of an optical fiber segment onthe SONET/SDH optical network connection. For instance, the gain ofoptical pre-amplifier 104 may be adjusted based at least in part on theattenuation coefficient and length of fiber that the egress optical datasignal will travel. More specifically, the gain of optical pre-amplifier104 may be G=e^((2αL)), where α is the fiber attenuation coefficient, asexplained above, and L is the length of the fiber (e.g., the length ofthe fiber of the SONET/SDH optical network connection). 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 166 may be amplified byoptical pre-amplifier 104, and optical pre-amplifier 104 may output 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 168 to WDM 108.

The wavelength of 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP168 may be within the conventional c band of wavelengths, which mayinclude wavelengths within the 1520 nm-1565 nm range. The one or moreXGPON/10GEPON optical data signals may have a wavelength within the 1571nm-1582 nm range, and the one or more GPON optical data signals may havea wavelength of 1490 nm.

WDM 108 may receive 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEUP 168 on port 192, and may output 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE UP 168 on port 194 as a multi-wavelength upstream opticaldata signal (e.g., 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP196). 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 196 issubstantially the same 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE UP 168 because WDM 108 may function as a circulator when 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 168 is input to port 192.10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 196 may bereceived by DWDM 106, and DWDM may demultiplex one or more 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals from 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 196. Because 10GNRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 196 is a dispersioncompensated amplified version of the multi-wavelength ingress opticaldata signal, DWDM 106 may demultiplex the one or more optical datasignals into individual optical data signals in accordance with theindividual wavelengths of any 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE optical data signals in the multi-wavelength ingress opticaldata signal. More specifically, 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE UP 196 may be demultiplexed into twenty 10G NRZ, coherent100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals, each of which mayhave a unique wavelength. DWDM 106 may output each of the twenty 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals toeach of the transponders of 20×coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEUP 188. Each of the transponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 188 may convert a received corresponding coherent10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal,of the coherent 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEoptical data signals, into a corresponding electrical signal. Morespecifically, a first transceiver in each of the transponders mayconvert each of the twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE optical data signals into the corresponding electrical signal.Each of the transponders may also comprise a second transceiver that mayconvert the corresponding electrical signal into a SONET/SDH opticaldata signal with a corresponding SONET/SDH optical data signalwavelength. In some embodiments, each of the twenty correspondingSONET/SDH optical data signals may have the same wavelength. In otherembodiments, each of the twenty corresponding SONET/SDH optical datasignals may have unique wavelengths. The twenty transponders of 20×10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 188 may transmit thetwenty SONET/SDH optical data signals to the MTC on the SONET/SDHoptical network connection.

FIG. 2A depicts a network architecture, in accordance with thedisclosure. The network architecture may comprise routers (for examplerouter 287 and router 285) that may be capable of routing one or morepackets from a backbone network (not illustrated) to an OCML terminal(for example, OCML terminal 207).

Router 287 may be a router that aggregates one or more first ingresspackets received from the backbone network to a transport chassis (forexample transport chassis 290). Router 287 may also receive one or morefirst egress packets from transport chassis 290 and route the one ormore first egress packets to the backbone network. The backbone networkmay be a network connecting one or more service provider networks acrossa large geographic area such as a content (for example North America).The one or more first ingress packets and the one or more first egresspackets may be transmitted between router 287 and transport chassis 290via a plurality of 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE links. The pluralityof 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE links may be SONET/SDH optical datasignal links.

Transport chassis 290 may be a physical platform that accommodates aplurality of optical devices including a coherent transceiver. Transportchassis 290 may create a coherent optical data signal, which may be, forexample, an optical data signal comprising coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE optical data signals. Transport chassis 290 may sendcoherent optical data signals to OCML terminal 207, and transportchassis 290 may receive coherent optical data signals from OCML terminal207.

Switch 291 may be an optical switch that receives one or more secondingress packets from router 285 and may transmit one or more secondingress frames, corresponding to the one or more second ingress packets,out of a port in switch 291 to OCML terminal 207. The one or more secondingress packets may be received via a plurality of 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE links. And the one or more second ingress frames may beswitched out of the port in switch 291 to OCML terminal 207 as anoptical data signal via a coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEoptical data signal switch. Switch 291 may receive one or more secondegress frames from OCML terminal 207, create one or more second egresspackets, and transmit the one or more egress packets to router 285.

OCML terminal 207 may connect a cable company to the Internet throughthe backbone network. OCML terminal 207, Primary Optical Fiber 211,Secondary Optical Fiber 213, and MDM 208 form a network that may bereferred to as the Metro Access Optical Ring Network (for example MetroAccess Optical Ring Network 206). Millimeter Wave Network 214 may beconnected to MDM 208 via connection 254. Multi-dwelling unit (MDU) 216may be connected to MDM 208 via connection 256 and transport chassis207. Enterprise Network 218 may be connected to MDM 208 via connection258. Devices 299 are connected to MDM 208 via connections 225 . . . 227,aggregation device 223, and connection 251. An illustrative aggregationdevice is illustrated in FIG. 21.

Millimeter Wave Network 214 may comprise one or more cellular or Wi-Fimasts with one or more modems (for example Modem 212) that providemobile devices (for example devices 215) with access to content hostedby the one or more servers at a MTC Master Terminal Facility (notillustrated).

MDU 216 may comprise one a remote physical (PHY) node (for exampleRemote PHY Node 207) that may comprise an optical communicationsinterface that connects to connection 256 and a cable interface thatconnects to one or more cable devices (for example devices 217) viacable. The one or more cable devices may be devices connecting cableset-top boxes in one or more residential, commercial, or industrialbuildings to a tap at devices 217. Devices 217 is connected toconnection 256 via transport chassis 207.

Enterprise Network 218 may comprise one or more offices requiringhigh-speed access to the Internet via Backbone Network 202 for example.Enterprise Network 218 may connect to the Internet via connection 258.

Device 265 may be a cable device that is connected to MDM 208 viaconnection 245. A 1×n splitter 293 may be an optical splitter or a beamsplitter. 1×n splitter 293 may comprise one or more quartz substrates ofan integrated waveguide optical power distribution device. 1×n splitter293 may be a passive optical network device. It may be an optical fibertandem device comprising one or more input terminals and one or moreoutput terminals. 1×n splitter 239 may be Fused Biconical Taper (FBT)splitter or Planar Lightwave Circuit (PLC) splitter. 1×n splitter 293may be a balanced splitter wherein 1×n splitter 293 comprises two inputfibers and one or more output fibers over which the ingress optical datasignal may be spread proportionally. In some embodiments, the ingressoptical data signal may not be spread proportionally across the outputfibers of optical splitter 1593. In some embodiments, optical splitter1593 may comprise two input fibers and 2 output fibers. A first inputfiber of optical splitter 1593 may be connected to primary fiber 1550and a second input fiber of optical splitter 1593 may be connected tosecondary fiber 1551 . . . 1×n splitter 293 may be connected to MDM 208via connection 252. 1×n splitter 297 may be a . . . 1×n splitter 297 maybe connected to MDM 208 via optical link terminal (OLT) 295 andconnection 253. Devices 215, device 217, devices 299, device 265, 1×n293, 1×n 297, and the one or more devices in enterprise network 218 maybe connected to the backbone network via Metro Access Optical RingNetwork 206.

FIG. 2B depicts an network architecture, in accordance with thedisclosure. The network architecture may comprise a MTC Master TerminalFacility (for example MTC Master Terminal Facility 201) that may connecta cable company to the Internet through a backbone network (for exampleBackbone Network 202). MTC Master Terminal Facility 201 may include oneor more servers hosting content that may be consumed by customer devicesconnected to the one or more servers via one or more networks. Forexample, the one or more networks may include cellular or millimeterwave networks (for example Millimeter Wave Network 214), remote physicalnetworks (for example Remote PHY Network 216), enterprise networks (forexample Enterprise Network 218), and one or more passive opticalnetworks (PON) (for example PON 222 and PON 242). MTC Master TerminalFacility 201 may be connected to these one or more networks via one ormore optical fibers (for example Primary Optical Fiber 211 and SecondaryOptical Fiber 213). MTC Master Terminal Facility 201 may connect to theone or more optical fibers via an OCML terminal (for example, OCMLterminal 207), and the one or more networks may connect to the one ormore optical fibers via a MDM (for example MDM 208) comprisingmultiplexer-demultiplexer (for example DMux 288), and PON port (forexample PON 298). OCML 207, Primary Optical Fiber 211, Secondary OpticalFiber 213, and MDM 208 form a network that may be referred to as theMetro Access Optical Ring Network (for example Metro Access Optical RingNetwork 206). DMux 288 may multiplex optical data signals received fromthe one or more networks and transmit the multiplexed optical datasignals to OCML 207. Conversely DMux 288 may demultiplex optical datasignals received from OCML 207 and transmit the demultiplexed opticaldata signals to the one or more networks. Millimeter Wave Network 214may be connected to DMux 288 via connection 254. Remote PHY Network 216may be connected to DMux 288 via connection 256. Enterprise Network 218may be connected to DMux 288 via connection 258. PON 222 may beconnected to DMux 288 via connection 251. PON 242 however may beconnected to PON 298 via connection 253.

Millimeter Wave Network 214 may comprise one or more cellular or Wi-Fimasts with one or more modems (for example Modem 212) that providemobile devices (for example devices 215) with access to content hostedby the one or more servers at MTC Master Terminal Facility 201.

Remote PHY Network 216 may comprise one a remote physical (PHY) node(for example Remote PHY Node 207) that may comprise an opticalcommunications interface that connects to connection 256 and a cableinterface that connects to one or more cable devices (for exampledevices 217) via cables 226-cable 236. The one or more cable devices maybe devices connecting cable set-top boxes in one or more residential,commercial, or industrial buildings to a tap at devices 217.

Enterprise Network 218 may comprise one or more offices requiringhigh-speed access to the Internet via Backbone Network 202 for example.Enterprise Network 218 may connect to the Internet via connection 258.

PON 222 may comprise one or more PON devices (for example devices 299)that require access to MTC Master Terminal Facility 201 or the Internetvia for Backbone Network 202 for example. Devices 299 may be connectedto a splitter (for example Splitter 223) via connections 225-connection227. Splitter 223 is an optical splitter that may combine one or moreoptical data signals from each of devices 299 and transmit them toStrand PON optical line terminal (OLT) 210 via connection 252. Splitter223 may also separate one or more optical data signals received fromStrand PON OLT 210 via connection 252 into one or more optical datasignals for each of devices 299. Strand PON OLT 210 may be an OLT thatconnects optical network units (ONUs) at a customer premises to DMux288. Because one or more optical data signals can be transmitted as amultiplexed signal on a single strand of fiber, Strand PON OLT 210 maybe connected to other PONs (not shown), in addition to PON 222, and maycombine optical data signals received from the PONs and transmit thecombined optical data signals to DMux 288. Strand PON OLT 210 mayseparate optical data signals received from DMux 288 into correspondingoptical data signals each of which is for transmission to acorresponding PON.

PON 242 may comprise one or more PON devices (for example devices 249)that require access to MTC Master Terminal Facility 201 or the Internetvia for Backbone Network 202 for example. Devices 249 may be connectedto a splitter (for example Splitter 243) via connections 224-connection247. Splitter 243 is an optical splitter that may combine one or moreoptical data signals from each of devices 249 and transmit them to PON298 via connection 253. Splitter 243 may also separate one or moreoptical data signals received from PON 298 via connection 253 into oneor more optical data signals for each of devices 249. OCML 207 in FIGS.2A and 2B may be implemented as headend 101, headend 330, headend 530,headend 630, headend 1001, headend 1086, headend 1102, headend 1201,headend 1301, headend 1401, headend 1501, headend 1601, or headend 1701.

FIG. 3 depicts an access network diagram of an OCML headend and outsideplant, in accordance with the disclosure. FIG. 3 shows a schematic of anOCML headend according to at least one embodiment of the disclosure. Asshown in FIG. 3, headend 330 is a smart integrated OCML headend, whichis a circuit, comprising a DWDM (e.g., DWDM 307), a WDM (e.g., WDM 305),a GPON port (e.g., GPON PORT 301), an XGPON/10GEPON port (e.g.,XGPON/10GEPON PORT 303), and an optical switch 308 to feed a primaryoptical fiber (e.g., Primary Fiber 309) or secondary (backup) opticalfiber (e.g., Secondary Fiber 311). DWDM 307 may be similar infunctionality to DWDM 106 and WDM 305 may be similar in functionality toWDM 108. The disclosure provides a method of transporting multiple 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE, GPON,and/or/XGPON/10GEPON signals on the same optical fiber over extendedlinks of up to 60 kms without a cable company having to put opticalamplifiers between the cable's Master Terminal Center (MTC) facility anda outside plant (e.g., Outside plant 350). The MTC facility may be aninside plant facility where a cable company acquires and combinesservices to be offered to customers. The MTC facility provides thesecombined services to customers, by transmitting and receiving opticalsignals over a plurality of optical fibers to a outside plant or fieldhub which connects the plurality of optical fibers to a customer'spremise. The OCML headend may be located in a secondary terminal center(STC) that connects the MTC facility to a field hub or outside planthousing a multiplexer-demultiplexer (MDM) (e.g., MDM 208 in FIG. 2).

In one aspect, headend 330 may comprise twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE downstream (DS) transponders (e.g., 20×10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 304) and twenty 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE upstream (UP)transponders (e.g., 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE UP 306). 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS304 may transmit downstream data over twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE wavelengths. 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 306 may receive upstream data over 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE wavelengths. 20×10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 304 may comprise the sameelements and perform the same operations as 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE 190, and 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 306 may comprise the same elements and performthe same operations as 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE UP 188.

The operation of headend 330 may be described by way of the processingof downstream optical data signals transmitted from headend 330 to aoutside plant (e.g., Outside plant 350), and the processing of upstreamoptical data signals received from the field hub or outside plant. Eachof the transponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE DS 304 may receive a SONET/SDH optical data signal from a MTC andeach of the transponders may convert the SONET/SDH optical data signalinto an electrical signal. More specifically, a first transceiver in thetransponder may convert the SONET/SDH optical data signal into anelectrical signal. A second transceiver may then convert the electricalsignal into a second optical data signal, wherein the second opticaldata signal comprises one or more packets of light each of which mayhave a distinct wavelength. Because the one or more packets of lighteach have a distinct wavelength, the second optical data signal may besaid to have this distinct wavelength. Thus, the twenty transponders in20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 304 may eachreceive a SONET/SDH optical data signal, and each of the twentytransponders may convert the received SONET/SDH optical data signal intoa corresponding second optical data signal, wherein each of thecorresponding second optical data signals has a unique wavelength. Thatis, the wavelength of each of the corresponding second optical datasignals is distinguishable from the wavelength of any of the othercorresponding second optical data signals. Thus 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 304 may generate twenty correspondingsecond optical data signals each of which has a unique wavelength.

DWDM 307 may receive the twenty corresponding second optical datasignals as an input and output a multi-wavelength downstream opticaldata signal (e.g., 336) comprising the twenty corresponding secondoptical data signals onto a fiber. The multi-wavelength downstreamoptical data signal 336 may be a 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE optical data signal. More specifically, DWDM 307 maymultiplex the twenty corresponding second optical data signals onto thefiber, wherein the twenty multiplexed corresponding second optical datasignals compose the multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal. Themulti-wavelength optical data signal may have a wavelength comprisingthe twenty wavelengths of the twenty corresponding second optical datasignals.

The multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 336, may be input toa WDM (e.g. WDM 305). WDM 305 may be a four port wave divisionmultiplexer (WDM), or a four port circulator, that receivesmulti-wavelength downstream optical data signal 336 on port 321. WDM 305may also receive an XGPON/10GEPON signal, carried on a first fiber(e.g., XGPON/10GEPON 334), on port 302, a GPON signal, carried on asecond fiber (e.g., GPON 332), on port 322, and may multiplexmulti-wavelength downstream optical data signal 336 with theXGPON/10GEPON and GPON signal. XGPON/10GEPON 334 may be a fiber carryingan XGPON/10GEPON optical data signal with a wavelength within the 1571nm-1591 nm and 1260 nm-1280 nm range. GPON 332 may be a fiber carrying aGPON optical data signal with a wavelength of 1490 nm and 1310 nm. WDM305 outputs an egress optical data signal from port 324, which may be amulti-wavelength optical data signal comprising 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE, XGPON/10GEPON, and/or GPON optical datasignals. WDM 305 may multiplex multi-wavelength downstream optical datasignal 336, the XGPON/10GEPON optical data signal, and GPON optical datasignal the same way DWDM 307 multiplexes optical data signals. Theegress optical data signal (e.g., egress optical data signal 338) may beoutput on port 324 of WDM 305 and optical switch 308 may switch egressoptical data signal 338 onto primary fiber 309 or secondary fiber 311depending on the position of switch 308. Egress optical data signal 338may be transmitted on primary fiber 309 to a first connector at outsideplant 350, or may be transmitted on secondary fiber 311 to a secondconnector at outside plant 350. Outside plant 350 may include a MDM withthe first connector and the second connector.

The operation of outside plant 350 may be described by way of theprocessing of a downstream optical data signal received from headend330. Egress optical data signal 338 may be received on the first orsecond connector at outside plant 350 based on a position of opticalswitch 380, as ingress optical data signal 356. That is ingress opticaldata signal 356 may be similar to egress optical data signal 338.Ingress optical data signal 356 may be received by WDM 313 via port 372.WDM 313 may demultiplex ingress optical data signal 356 into amulti-wavelength downstream optical data signal 359, an XGPON/10GEPONoptical data signal that may be output on port 392 onto a first fiber(e.g., XGPON/10GEPON 354), and/or a GPON optical data signal output onport 382 onto a second fiber (e.g., GPON 352). The XGPON/10GEPON opticaldata signal may be received on XGPON/10GEPON port 353 and the GPONoptical data signal may be received on GPON port 351.

The multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 359 may be output onport 362 and received by DWDM 315 which may be an array waveguidegratings (AWG) or TFF. The multi-wavelength downstream optical datasignal 359 may comprise 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE optical data signals. DWDM 315 may demultiplex the multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal 359 into individual optical data signalsin accordance with the individual wavelengths of the 10G NRZ, coherent100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals. Morespecifically, the multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 359may be demultiplexed into twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE optical data signals, each of which may have a uniquewavelength. DWDM 315 may output each of the twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals to each of thetransponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS312. Each of the transponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 312 may convert a received corresponding 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal, of thecoherent 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical datasignals, into a corresponding electrical signal. More specifically, afirst transceiver in each of the transponders may convert each of thetwenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical datasignals into the corresponding electrical signal. Each of thetransponders may also comprise a second transceiver that may convert thecorresponding electrical signal into a SONET/SDH optical data signalwith a corresponding SONET/SDH optical data signal wavelength. In someembodiments, each of the twenty corresponding SONET/SDH optical datasignals may have the same wavelength. In other embodiments, each of thetwenty corresponding SONET/SDH optical data signals may have uniquewavelengths. In some embodiments, DWDM 315 may output one or morecoherent 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical datasignals (e.g., RPD DS 327) to a remote physical (PHY) device (RPD)(e.g., RPD 317). RPD 317 may be similar to Remote PHY Node 207 infunctionality. RPD 317 may convert the one or more 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals into an electricalsignal that may be transmitted over one or more coaxial cables. RPD 317may also convert one or more electrical signals into one or more 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal fortransmission to a transponder (e.g., 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 314).

The operation of outside plant 350 may be further described by way ofthe processing of an upstream optical data signal transmitted to headend330. Each of the transponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE UP 314 may receive a SONET/SDH optical data signal fromone or more devices providing cable to customers or subscribers to acable's services. For example, the one or more devices may be any ofdevices 217, and RPD 327 may be connected to devices 217 via cable 226 .. . cable 236. Cable 226 . . . cable 236 may be coaxial cables. Each ofthe transponders may convert the SONET/SDH optical data signal into anelectrical signal. More specifically, a first transceiver in thetransponder may convert the SONET/SDH optical data signal into anelectrical signal. A second transceiver may then convert the electricalsignal into a second optical data signal, wherein the second opticaldata signal comprises one or more packets of light each of which mayhave a distinct wavelength. Because the one or more packets of lighteach have a distinct wavelength, the second optical data signal may besaid to have this distinct wavelength. Thus, the twenty transponders in20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 314 may eachreceive a SONET/SDH optical data signal, and each of the twentytransponders may convert the received SONET/SDH optical data signal intoa corresponding second optical data signal, wherein each of thecorresponding second optical data signals has a unique wavelength. Thatis, the wavelength of each of the corresponding second optical datasignals is distinguishable from the wavelength of any of the othercorresponding second optical data signals. Thus 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 314 may generate twenty correspondingsecond optical data signals each of which has a unique wavelength.

DWDM 315 may receive twenty corresponding second optical data signals asan input and output a multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal(e.g., 358) comprising the twenty corresponding second optical datasignals onto a fiber. In some embodiments, RPD 317 may transmit one ormore 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical datasignals (e.g., RPD DS 331) to one or more of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 314. RPD DS 331 may be 10G NRZ, coherent100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals that generated byRPD 317 in response to RPD 317 receiving electrical signals on coaxialcables connecting a remote physical (PHY) network (e.g., remote PHYnetwork 216) to DWDM 315. The multi-wavelength downstream optical datasignal 358 may be a coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signal. More specifically, DWDM 315 may multiplex the twentycorresponding second optical data signals onto the fiber, wherein thetwenty multiplexed corresponding second optical data signals compose themulti-wavelength downstream optical data signal. The multi-wavelengthoptical data signal may have a wavelength comprising the twentywavelengths of the twenty corresponding second optical data signals.

The multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 358, may be input toa WDM (e.g. WDM 313). WDM 313 may be a four port wave divisionmultiplexer (WDM), or a four port circulator, that receivesmulti-wavelength downstream optical data signal 358 on port 362. WDM 313may also receive an XGPON/10GEPON signal, carried on a first fiber(e.g., XGPON/10GEPON 354), on port 392, a GPON signal, carried on asecond fiber (e.g., GPON 352), on port 382, and may multiplexmulti-wavelength downstream optical data signal 358 with theXGPON/10GEPON and GPON signal. XGPON/10GEPON 354 may be a fiber carryingan XGPON/10GEPON optical data signal with a wavelength within the 1571nm-1591 nm and 1260 nm-1280 nm range. GPON 352 may be a fiber carrying aGPON optical data signal with a wavelength of 1490 nm or 1310 nm. WDM313 outputs an egress optical data signal from port 372, which may be amulti-wavelength optical data signal comprising 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE, XGPON/10GEPON, and/or GPON optical datasignals. WDM 313 may multiplex multi-wavelength downstream optical datasignal 358, the XGPON/10GEPON optical data signal, and GPON optical datasignal the same way DWDM 307 multiplexes optical data signals. Theegress optical data signal (e.g., egress optical data signal 357) may beoutput on port 372 of WDM 313 and optical switch 380 may switch egressoptical data signal 357 onto primary fiber 309 or secondary fiber 311depending on the position of switch 380. Egress optical data signal 357may be transmitted on primary fiber 309 to a first connector at headend330, or may be transmitted on secondary fiber 311 to a second connectorat headend 330.

The operation of headend 330 may be further described by way of theprocessing of an upstream optical data signal received from outsideplant 350. Egress optical data signal 357 may be received on the firstor second connector at headend 330 based on a position of optical switch308, as ingress optical data signal 339. That is ingress optical datasignal 339 may be similar to egress optical data signal 357. Ingressoptical data signal 339 may be received by WDM 305 via port 324. WDM 305may demultiplex ingress optical data signal 339 into a mutli-wavelengthupstream optical data signal 337, an XGPON/10GEPON optical data signalthat may be output on port 302 onto a first fiber (e.g., XGPON/10GEPON334), and/or a GPON optical data signal output on port 322 onto a secondfiber (e.g., GPON 332). The XGPON/10GEPON optical data signal may bereceived on XGPON/10GEPON port 303 and the GPON optical data signal maybe received on GPON port 301.

The multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal 339 may be output, asmulti-wavelength upstream optical data signal 337, on port 321 andreceived by DWDM 307. The multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal337 may comprise 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEoptical data signals. DWDM 307 may demultiplex the multi-wavelengthupstream optical data signal 337 into individual optical data signals inaccordance with the individual wavelengths of the 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals. More specifically,the multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal 337 may bedemultiplexed into twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE optical data signals, each of which may have a unique wavelength.DWDM 307 may output each of the twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals to each of the transponders of20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 306. Each ofthe transponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE UP 306 may convert a received corresponding 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal, of the 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals, into acorresponding electrical signal. More specifically, a first transceiverin each of the transponders may convert each of the twenty 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals into thecorresponding electrical signal. Each of the transponders may alsocomprise a second transceiver that may convert the correspondingelectrical signal into a SONET/SDH optical data signal with acorresponding SONET/SDH optical data signal wavelength. In someembodiments, each of the twenty corresponding SONET/SDH optical datasignals may have the same wavelength. In other embodiments, each of thetwenty corresponding SONET/SDH optical data signals may have uniquewavelengths. The twenty transponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 306 may transmit the twenty SONET/SDH opticaldata signals to the MTC on the SONET/SDH optical network connection.

FIG. 4 shows an access link loss budget of a Dense Wave DivisionMultiplexing (DWDM) passive circuit, in accordance with the disclosure.Link loss budget 400 illustrates the link loss budget in decibels (dB)associated with a physical optical link connecting an OCML transceiverto a outside plant transceiver. The OCML headend and outside planttransceiver may comprise 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE transceivers that may not contribute to the loss budget. That isthere may be no power lost when the 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE transceivers transmit a 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal. Thus, Txcvr Pwr/WL 401 may beequal to 0.0 when a transceiver at an OCML headend transmits a 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal to aoutside plant transceiver, and when the transceiver at the outside planttransmits a 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signal to the OCML terminal. The transceiver in the OCML headendmay be similar to a transceiver included in the transponders disclosedherein (e.g., 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS190 or 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 188 inheadend 101 or 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS304 or 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 306 inOCML headend 301). The transceiver in the outside plant may be similarto a transceiver included in the transponders disclosed herein (e.g.,20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 312 or 20×10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 314).

In some embodiments, the fiber connecting the transceiver at the OCMLheadend to the outside plant, may be 5 kilometers (km). Thus fiber 402may be 5 km in length and when a transceiver in the OCML headendtransmits an optical data signal (e.g., 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal) to a transceiver in the outsideplant along fiber 402, fiber 402 may cause the optical data signal toexperience a 1.25 dB loss. Similarly, when the transceiver in theoutside plant transmits an optical data signal to the OCML headend alongfiber 402, fiber 402 may cause the optical data signal to experience a11.25 dB loss. (How is the 11.5 dB derived? A 60 Km fiber would cause13.2 dB at). 22 dB/Km

In some embodiments, a multiplexer in a DWDM (e.g., DWDM 106 or DWDM307) in an OCML headend may contribute to the loss budget. This may bebased at least in part on the multiplexing process applied to multipleinput optical data signals received from multiple transponders (e.g.,20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 190 or 20×10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 304). The multiplexingprocess may result in the multiplexed optical data signal having lesspower than the multiple input optical data signals. The OCML headend insome embodiments, may also be referred to as the headend, and thusheadend DWDM mux 403 is the loss budget associated with the multiplexingof multiple input optical data signals. The loss budget for headend DWDMmux 403 may be 5.8 dB. Similarly a demultiplexer in a DWDM in a outsideplant may contribute to the loss budget. This may be based at least inpart on the demultiplexing process applied to a multiplexed optical datasignal received from the DWDM in the headend. The demultiplexing processmay result in each of the demultiplexed optical data signals, includedin the received multiplexed optical data signal, having less power thanthe received multiplexed optical data signal. Thus the loss budget forfield DWDM DeMux 404 may be 5.8 dB.

In some embodiments, an optical switch (e.g., optical switch 116 oroptical switch 308) may contribute to the loss budget experienced by anoptical data signal is transmitted from the OCML headend to the outsideplant or an optical data signal received at the OCML headend from theoutside plant. This may be due to the fact that the optical switch maycomprise one or more electronics that may cause the optical data signalto experience some loss in power as it is it switched from one connectorto another in the OCML headend. Thus switch (headend) 405 may cause theoptical data signal to experience a 1.5 dB loss.

In some embodiments, there may be an optical passive componentconnecting the OCML headend to the outside plant. For instance, theremay be a first fiber connection between the OCML headend and the opticalpassive component, and a second fiber connection between the opticalpassive component and the outside plant. This is depicted as passiveoptical component 625 in FIG. 6 below. The optical passive component,may cause optical data signals transmitted between the OCML headend andthe outside plant to experience some loss in power. The optical passivecomponent may be a 3 dB optical passive component (i.e., 3 dB opticalpassive 406) that may cause the optical data signals to experience a 3.5dB loss.

In some embodiments, there may be two connectors at the OCMLheadend(e.g., connector 118 and connector 150). Each may cause anoptical data signal sent to a outside plant or received from the outsideplant to experience a loss in power. Each connector may contribute a 0.3dB loss resulting in the two connectors (connectors 407) contributing atotal loss of 0.6 dB. In some embodiments, a safety margin (e.g., safetymargin 408) of 3 dB may be included.

FIG. 5 depicts an access network diagram of an OCML headend and outsideplant, in accordance with the disclosure. FIG. 5 shows a schematic of anOCML headend according to at least one embodiment of the disclosure. Asshown in FIG. 5, headend 530 is a smart integrated OCML headend, whichis a circuit, comprising a DWDM (e.g., DWDM 507), a first WDM (e.g., WDM505), a second WDM (e.g., WDM 509), a GPON port (e.g., GPON PORT 501),an XGPON/10GEPON port (e.g., XGPON/10GEPON PORT 503), an EDFA (e.g.,EDFA 541), and an optical switch 508 to feed a primary optical fiber(e.g., Primary Fiber 540) or secondary (backup) optical fiber (e.g.,Secondary Fiber 511). DWDM 507 may be similar in functionality to DWDM106 and WDM 505 and WDM 509 may be similar in functionality to WDM 108.The disclosure provides a method of transporting multiple 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE and GPON/XGPON/10GEPON signalson the same optical fiber over extended links of up to 60 kms without acable company having to put optical amplifiers between the cable'sMaster Terminal Center (MTC) facility and a outside plant (e.g., Outsideplant 550) or field hub. The MTC facility may be an inside plantfacility where a cable company acquires and combines services to beoffered to customers. The MTC facility provides these combined servicesto customers, by transmitting and receiving optical signals over aplurality of optical fibers to a field hub or outside plant whichconnects the plurality of optical fibers to a customer's premise. TheOCML headend may be located in a secondary terminal center (STC) thatconnects the MTC facility to a field hub or outside plant housing amultiplexer-demultiplexer (MDM) (e.g., MDM 208 in FIG. 2).

In one aspect, headend 530 may comprise twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE downstream (DS) transponders (e.g., 20×10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 504) and twentycoherent 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE upstream(UP) transponders (e.g., 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE UP 506). 20 xc 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE DS 504 may transmit downstream data over twenty 10G NRZ, coherent100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE wavelengths. 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 506 may receive upstream data over 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE wavelengths. 20×10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 504 may comprise the sameelements and perform the same operations as 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE 190, and 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 506 may comprise the same elements and performthe same operations as 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE UP 188.

The operation of headend 530 may be described by way of the processingof downstream optical data signals transmitted from headend 530 to aoutside plant (e.g., Outside plant 550), and the processing of upstreamoptical data signals received from the outside plant. Each of thetransponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS504 may receive a SONET/SDH optical data signal from a MTC and each ofthe transponders may convert the SONET/SDH optical data signal into anelectrical signal. More specifically, a first transceiver in thetransponder may convert the SONET/SDH optical data signal into anelectrical signal. A second transceiver may then convert the electricalsignal into a second optical data signal, wherein the second opticaldata signal comprises one or more packets of light each of which mayhave a distinct wavelength. Because the one or more packets of lighteach have a distinct wavelength, the second optical data signal may besaid to have this distinct wavelength. Thus, the twenty transponders in20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 504 may eachreceive a SONET/SDH optical data signal, and each of the twentytransponders may convert the received SONET/SDH optical data signal intoa corresponding second optical data signal, wherein each of thecorresponding second optical data signals has a unique wavelength. Thatis, the wavelength of each of the corresponding second optical datasignals is distinguishable from the wavelength of any of the othercorresponding second optical data signals. Thus 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 504 may generate twenty correspondingsecond optical data signals each of which has a unique wavelength.

DWDM 507 may receive the twenty corresponding second optical datasignals as an input and output a multi-wavelength downstream opticaldata signal (e.g., multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 547)comprising the twenty corresponding second optical data signals onto afiber. The multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 547 may be a10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal.More specifically, DWDM 507 may multiplex the twenty correspondingsecond optical data signals onto the fiber, wherein the twentymultiplexed corresponding second optical data signals compose themulti-wavelength downstream optical data signal. The multi-wavelengthoptical data signal may have a wavelength comprising the twentywavelengths of the twenty corresponding second optical data signals.

The multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 547, may be input toWDM 505. WDM 505 may be a four port wave division multiplexer (WDM), ora four port circulator, that receives multi-wavelength downstreamoptical data signal 547 on port 542. WDM 505 may function as acirculator and may output multi-wavelength downstream optical datasignal 538, on port 540, to WDM 509. Multi-wavelength downstream opticaldata signal 538 may be substantially the same as multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal 547. WDM 509 may receive multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal 538, and may also receive anXGPON/10GEPON signal, carried on a first fiber (e.g., XGPON/10GEPON534), on port 548, a GPON signal, carried on a second fiber (e.g., GPON532), on port 549, and may multiplex multi-wavelength downstream opticaldata signal 538 with the XGPON/10GEPON and GPON signal. XGPON/10GEPON534 may be a fiber carrying an XGPON/10GEPON optical data signal with awavelength within the 1571 nm-1591 nm and 1260 nm-1280 nm range. GPON532 may be a fiber carrying a GPON optical data signal with a wavelengthof 1490 or 1310 nm. WDM 509 outputs an egress optical data signal fromport 542, which may be a multi-wavelength optical data signal comprising10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE, XGPON/10GEPON,and/or GPON optical data signals. WDM 509 may multiplex multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal 538, the XGPON/10GEPON optical datasignal, and GPON optical data signal the same way DWDM 307 multiplexesoptical data signals. The egress optical data signal (e.g., egressoptical data signal 539) may be output on port 542 of WDM 509 andoptical switch 508 may switch egress optical data signal 539 ontoprimary fiber 540 or secondary fiber 511 depending on the position ofswitch 508. Egress optical data signal 539 may be transmitted on primaryfiber 540 to a first connector at outside plant 550, or may betransmitted on secondary fiber 511 to a second connector at outsideplant 550. Outside plant 550 may include a MDM with the first connectorand the second connector.

The operation of outside plant 550 may be described by way of theprocessing of a downstream optical data signal received from headend530. Egress optical data signal 539 may be received on the first orsecond connector at outside plant 550 based on a position of opticalswitch 580, as ingress optical data signal 582. That is ingress opticaldata signal 582 may be similar to egress optical data signal 539.Ingress optical data signal 582 may be received by WDM 513 via port 584.WDM 513 may demultiplex ingress optical data signal 582 into amutli-wavelength downstream optical data signal 599, an XGPON/10GEPONoptical data signal that may be output on port 595 onto a first fiber(e.g., XGPON/10GEPON 554), and/or a GPON optical data signal output onport 596 onto a second fiber (e.g., GPON 552). The XGPON/10GEPON opticaldata signal may be received on XGPON/10GEPON port 553 and the GPONoptical data signal may be received on GPON port 551.

The multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 599 may be output onport 597 and received by EDFA 544. The multi-wavelength downstreamoptical data signal 559 may comprise 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE optical data signals. A gain associated EDFA 544 may bebased at least in part on a distance that 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals have to travel. For example,the gain may be a function of a fiber attenuation coefficient α, whichis a measure of the intensity of the attenuation of a beam of light asit traverses a length of an optical fiber segment. The unit ofmeasurement of the fiber attenuation coefficient is decibels (dB) per km(dB/km). For instance, the gain of booster optical amplifier 544 may beadjusted based at least in part on the attenuation coefficient andlength of fiber that the egress optical data signal will travel. Morespecifically, the gain of booster optical amplifier 544 may beG=e^((2αL)), where α is the fiber attenuation coefficient, as explainedabove, and L is the length of the fiber (e.g., the length of primaryfiber 540 and/or the length of secondary fiber 511). Multi-wavelengthupstream optical data signal 599 may be amplified by EDFA 544, and EDFA544 may output multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 598 toDWDM 515.

DWDM 515 may demultiplex the multi-wavelength downstream optical datasignal 589 into individual optical data signals in accordance with theindividual wavelengths of the 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE optical data signals. More specifically, the multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal 598 may be demultiplexed into twenty 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals,each of which may have a unique wavelength. DWDM 515 may output each ofthe twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signals to each of the transponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 512. Each of the transponders of 20×10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 512 may convert areceived corresponding 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE optical data signal, of the 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE optical data signals, into a corresponding electricalsignal. More specifically, a first transceiver in each of thetransponders may convert each of the twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals into the correspondingelectrical signal. Each of the transponders may also comprise a secondtransceiver that may convert the corresponding electrical signal into aSONET/SDH optical data signal with a corresponding SONET/SDH opticaldata signal wavelength. In some embodiments, each of the twentycorresponding SONET/SDH optical data signals may have the samewavelength. In other embodiments, each of the twenty correspondingSONET/SDH optical data signals may have unique wavelengths. The twentytransponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS512 may transmit the twenty SONET/SDH optical data signals to the MTC onthe SONET/SDH optical network connection. In some embodiments, DWDM 515may output one or more 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE optical data signals (e.g., RPD DS 527) to a remote physical (PHY)device (RPD) (e.g., RPD 517). RPD 517 may be similar to Remote PHY Node207 in functionality. RPD 517 may convert the one or more 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals into anelectrical signal that may be transmitted over one or more coaxialcables. RPD 517 may also convert one or more electrical signals into oneor more 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical datasignal for transmission to a transponder (e.g., 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 514).

The operation of outside plant 550 may be further described by way ofthe processing of an upstream optical data signal transmitted to headend530. Each of the transponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE UP 514 may receive a SONET/SDH optical data signal from aMTC and each of the transponders may convert the SONET/SDH optical datasignal into an electrical signal. More specifically, a first transceiverin the transponder may convert the SONET/SDH optical data signal into anelectrical signal. A second transceiver may then convert the electricalsignal into a second optical data signal, wherein the second opticaldata signal comprises one or more packets of light each of which mayhave a distinct wavelength. Because the one or more packets of lighteach have a distinct wavelength, the second optical data signal may besaid to have this distinct wavelength. Thus, the twenty transponders in20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 514 may eachreceive a SONET/SDH optical data signal, and each of the twentytransponders may convert the received SONET/SDH optical data signal intoa corresponding second optical data signal, wherein each of thecorresponding second optical data signals has a unique wavelength. Thatis, the wavelength of each of the corresponding second optical datasignals is distinguishable from the wavelength of any of the othercorresponding second optical data signals. Thus 20×10GNRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 514 may generate twenty correspondingsecond optical data signals each of which has a unique wavelength.

DWDM 519 may receive twenty corresponding second optical data signals asan input and output a multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal(e.g., multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 569) to port 593of WDM 513. In some embodiments, RPD 517 may transmit one or more 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals(e.g., RPD UP 537) to one or more of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 514. RPD UP 537 may be 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals generated by RPD 517 inresponse to RPD 517 receiving electrical signals on coaxial cablesconnecting a remote physical (PHY) network (e.g., remote PHY network216) to DWDM 519. The multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal 569may be a 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical datasignal. More specifically, DWDM 519 may multiplex the twentycorresponding second optical data signals onto the fiber, wherein thetwenty multiplexed corresponding second optical data signals compose themulti-wavelength upstream optical data signal. The multi-wavelengthoptical data signal may have a wavelength comprising the twentywavelengths of the twenty corresponding second optical data signals.

WDM 513 may be a five port wave division multiplexer (WDM), or a fiveport circulator, that receives a multi-wavelength upstream optical datasignal on port 593. WDM 513 may also receive an XGPON/10GEPON signal,carried on a first fiber (e.g., XGPON/10GEPON 554), on port 595, a GPONsignal, carried on a second fiber (e.g., GPON 552), on port 596, and maymultiplex the multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal with theXGPON/10GEPON and GPON signal. XGPON/10GEPON 554 may be a fiber carryingan XGPON/10GEPON optical data signal with a wavelength within the 1571nm-1591 nm range. GPON 552 may be a fiber carrying a GPON optical datasignal with a wavelength of 1490 nm. WDM 513 outputs an egress opticaldata signal from port 584, which may be a multi-wavelength optical datasignal comprising 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE,XGPON/10GEPON, and/or GPON optical data signals. WDM 513 may multiplexthe multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal, the XGPON/10GEPONoptical data signal, and GPON optical data signal the same way DWDM 507,515, and 519 multiplex optical data signals. The egress optical datasignal (e.g., egress optical data signal 583) may be output on port 584of WDM 513 and optical switch 580 may switch egress optical data signal583 onto primary fiber 540 or secondary fiber 511 depending on theposition of switch 580. Egress optical data signal 583 may betransmitted on primary fiber 540 to a first connector at headend 530, ormay be transmitted on secondary fiber 511 to a second connector atheadend 530.

The operation of headend 530 may be further described by way of theprocessing of an upstream optical data signal received from outsideplant 550. Egress optical data signal 583 may be received on the firstor second connector at headend 530 based on a position of optical switch508, as ingress optical data signal 543. That is ingress optical datasignal 543 may be similar to egress optical data signal 583. Ingressoptical data signal 543 may be received by WDM 509 via port 542.

WDM 509 may demultiplex ingress optical data signal 543 into amutli-wavelength upstream optical data signal 559, an XGPON/10GEPONoptical data signal that may be output on port 548 onto a first fiber(e.g., XGPON/10GEPON 534), and/or a GPON optical data signal output onport 549 onto a second fiber (e.g., GPON 532). The XGPON/10GEPON opticaldata signal may be received on XGPON/10GEPON port 503 and the GPONoptical data signal may be received on GPON port 501.

The multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal 559 may be output onport 545 and received by EDFA 541. The multi-wavelength upstream opticaldata signal 559 may comprise 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE optical data signals. A gain associated EDFA 541 may be based atleast in part on a distance that 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE optical data signals have to travel, similar to that ofEDFA 544. Multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal 559 may beamplified by EDFA 541, and EDFA 541 may output multi-wavelength upstreamoptical data signal 529 to WDM 505. WDM 505 may receive themulti-wavelength upstream optical data signal 520 on port 543 of WDM505. WDM 505 may output multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal536 which is substantially the same as multi-wavelength upstream opticaldata signal 529. WDM 505 may function as a circulator when receivingmulti-wavelength upstream optical data signal 529 on port 543 andoutputting multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal 536 on port542. Multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal 536 may be receivedby DWDM 507.

The multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal 536 may comprise 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals.DWDM 507 may demultiplex the multi-wavelength upstream optical datasignal 536 into individual optical data signals in accordance with theindividual wavelengths of the 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE optical data signals. More specifically, the multi-wavelengthupstream optical data signal 536 may be demultiplexed into twenty 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals,each of which may have a unique wavelength. DWDM 507 may output each ofthe twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signals to each of the transponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 506. Each of the transponders of 20×10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 506 may convert areceived corresponding 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE optical data signal, of the 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE optical data signals, into a corresponding electricalsignal. More specifically, a first transceiver in each of thetransponders may convert each of the twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals into the correspondingelectrical signal. Each of the transponders may also comprise a secondtransceiver that may convert the corresponding electrical signal into aSONET/SDH optical data signal with a corresponding SONET/SDH opticaldata signal wavelength. In some embodiments, each of the twentycorresponding SONET/SDH optical data signals may have the samewavelength. In other embodiments, each of the twenty correspondingSONET/SDH optical data signals may have unique wavelengths. The twentytransponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP506 may transmit the twenty SONET/SDH optical data signals to the MTC onthe SONET/SDH optical network connection.

FIG. 6 depicts an access network diagram of an OCML headend and outsideplant, in accordance with the disclosure. FIG. 6 shows a schematic of anOCML headend according to at least one embodiment of the disclosure. Asshown in FIG. 6, headend 630 is a smart integrated OCML headend, whichis a circuit, comprising a AWG (e.g., AWG 607), a first WDM (e.g., WDM605), a second WDM (e.g., WDM 609), a GPON port (e.g., GPON PORT 601),an XGPON/10GEPON port (e.g., XGPON/10GEPON PORT 603), a first EDFA(e.g., EDFA 641), a second EDFA (e.g., EDFA 643), and an optical switch613 to feed a primary optical fiber (e.g., Primary Fiber 617) orsecondary (backup) optical fiber (e.g., Secondary Fiber 627). AWG 607may be similar in functionality to DWDM 106 and WDM 605 and WDM 609 maybe similar in functionality to WDM 108. The disclosure provides a methodof transporting multiple 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE and GPON/XGPON/10GEPON signals on the same optical fiber overextended links of up to 60 kms without a cable company having to putoptical amplifiers between the cable's Master Terminal Center (MTC)facility and a outside plant (e.g., Outside plant 650) or field hub. TheMTC facility may be an inside plant facility where a cable companyacquires and combines services to be offered to customers. The MTCfacility provides these combined services to customers, by transmittingand receiving optical signals over a plurality of optical fibers to afield hub or outside plant which connects the plurality of opticalfibers to a customer's premise. The OCML headend may be located in asecondary terminal center (STC) that connects the MTC facility to afield hub or outside plant housing a multiplexer-demultiplexer (MDM)(e.g., MDM 208 in FIG. 2).

In one aspect, headend 630 may comprise twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE downstream (DS) transponders (e.g., 20×10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 604) and twenty 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE upstream (UP)transponders (e.g., 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE UP 606). 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS604 may transmit downstream data over twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE wavelengths. 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 606 may receive upstream data over 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE wavelengths. 20×10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 504 may comprise the sameelements and perform the same operations as 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 190, and 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 606 may comprise the same elements andperform the same operations as 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE UP 188.

The operation of headend 630 may be described by way of the processingof downstream optical data signals transmitted from headend 630 to aoutside plant (e.g., Outside plant 650) or field hub, and the processingof upstream optical data signals received from the field hub or outsideplant. Each of the transponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 604 may receive a SONET/SDH optical data signalfrom a MTC and each of the transponders may convert the SONET/SDHoptical data signal into an electrical signal. More specifically, afirst transceiver in the transponder may convert the SONET/SDH opticaldata signal into an electrical signal. A second transceiver may thenconvert the electrical signal into a second optical data signal, whereinthe second optical data signal comprises one or more packets of lighteach of which may have a distinct wavelength. Because the one or morepackets of light each have a distinct wavelength, the second opticaldata signal may be said to have this distinct wavelength. Thus, thetwenty transponders in 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE DS 604 may each receive a SONET/SDH optical data signal, and each ofthe twenty transponders may convert the received SONET/SDH optical datasignal into a corresponding second optical data signal, wherein each ofthe corresponding second optical data signals has a unique wavelength.That is, the wavelength of each of the corresponding second optical datasignals is distinguishable from the wavelength of any of the othercorresponding second optical data signals. Thus 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 604 may generate twenty correspondingsecond optical data signals each of which has a unique wavelength.

AWG 607 may receive the twenty corresponding second optical data signalsas an input and output a multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal(e.g., 638) comprising the twenty corresponding second optical datasignals onto a fiber. The multi-wavelength downstream optical datasignal 638 may be a 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEoptical data signal. More specifically, AWG 607 may multiplex the twentycorresponding second optical data signals onto the fiber, wherein thetwenty multiplexed corresponding second optical data signals compose themulti-wavelength downstream optical data signal. The multi-wavelengthoptical data signal may have a wavelength comprising the twentywavelengths of the twenty corresponding second optical data signals.

The multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 638, may be input toWDM 605. WDM 605 may be a five port wave division multiplexer (WDM), ora five port circulator, that receives multi-wavelength downstreamoptical data signal 638 on port 602. WDM 605 may also receive anXGPON/10GEPON signal, carried on a first fiber (e.g., XGPON/10GEPON634), on port 610, a GPON signal, carried on a second fiber (e.g., GPON632), on port 667, and may multiplex multi-wavelength downstream opticaldata signal 638 with the XGPON/10GEPON and GPON signal. XGPON/10GEPON634 may be a fiber carrying an XGPON/10GEPON optical data signal with awavelength within the 1571 nm-1591 nm range. GPON 632 may be a fibercarrying a GPON optical data signal with a wavelength of 1490 nm or 1310nm. WDM 605 outputs an egress optical data signal from port 615, whichmay be a multi-wavelength optical data signal comprising 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE, XGPON/10GEPON, and/or GPONoptical data signals. WDM 605 may multiplex multi-wavelength downstreamoptical data signal 638, the XGPON/10GEPON optical data signal, and GPONoptical data signal the same way AWG 607 multiplexes optical datasignals.

WDM 605 may output multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 639to an EDFA (e.g., EDFA 641). A gain of the EDFA may be based at least inpart on a distance that a downstream signal has to travel. For example,the gain may be a function of a fiber attenuation coefficient α, whichis a measure of the intensity of the attenuation of a beam of light asit traverses a length of an optical fiber segment. The unit ofmeasurement of the fiber attenuation coefficient is decibels (dB) per km(dB/km). For instance, the EDFA may be adjusted based at least in parton the attenuation coefficient and length of fiber that the egressoptical data signal will travel. More specifically, the gain EDFA 641may be G=e^((2αL)), where α is the fiber attenuation coefficient, asexplained above, and L is the length of the fiber (e.g., the length ofprimary fiber 617 and/or the length of secondary fiber 627).Multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 639 may be amplified byEDFA 641, and EDFA 641 may output multi-wavelength downstream opticaldata signal 640 to port 615 of WDM 609. WDM 609 outputs an egressoptical data signal from port 616, which may be a multi-wavelengthoptical data signal comprising 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE, XGPON/10GEPON, and/or GPON optical data signals.

Egress optical data signal 620 by WDM 609 and optical switch 613 mayswitch egress optical data signal 620 onto primary fiber 617 orsecondary fiber 627 depending on the position of switch 613. Egressoptical data signal 620 may be transmitted on primary fiber 617 to port621 at passive optical component 625, or may be transmitted on secondaryfiber 627 to port 631 at passive optical component 625. Passive opticalcomponent 625 may output ingress optical data signal 656 from port 629to port 697 at WDM 673.

Ingress optical data signal 656 may be received by WDM 673 via port 697.WDM 673 may demultiplex ingress optical data signal 656 into amutli-wavelength downstream optical data signal 659, an XGPON/10GEPONoptical data signal that may be output on port 699 onto a first fiber(e.g., XGPON/10GEPON 654), and/or a GPON optical data signal output onport 698 onto a second fiber (e.g., GPON 652). The XGPON/10GEPON opticaldata signal may be received on XGPON/10GEPON port 653 and the GPONoptical data signal may be received on GPON port 651.

The multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 659 may be output onport 696 and received by array waveguide gratings (AWG) AWG 675. Themulti-wavelength downstream optical data signal 659 may comprise 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals. AWG675 may demultiplex the multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal659 into individual optical data signals in accordance with theindividual wavelengths of the 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE optical data signals. More specifically, the multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal 659 may be demultiplexed into twenty 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals,each of which may have a unique wavelength. AWG 675 may output each ofthe twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signals to each of the transponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 612. Each of the transponders of 20×10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 612 may convert areceived corresponding 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE optical data signal, of the 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE optical data signals, into a corresponding electricalsignal. More specifically, a first transceiver in each of thetransponders may convert each of the twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals into the correspondingelectrical signal. Each of the transponders may also comprise a secondtransceiver that may convert the corresponding electrical signal into aSONET/SDH optical data signal with a corresponding SONET/SDH opticaldata signal wavelength. In some embodiments, each of the twentycorresponding SONET/SDH optical data signals may have the samewavelength. In other embodiments, each of the twenty correspondingSONET/SDH optical data signals may have unique wavelengths. The twentytransponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS612 may transmit the twenty SONET/SDH optical data signals to a RPD(e.g., RPD 677) on the SONET/SDH optical network connection. In someembodiments, AWG 675 may output one or more 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals (e.g., RPD DS 627) RPD 677.RPD 677 may be similar to Remote PHY Node 207 in functionality. RPD 677may convert the one or more 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE optical data signals into an electrical signal that may betransmitted over one or more coaxial cables. RPD 617 may also convertone or more electrical signals into one or more 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal for transmission to atransponder (e.g., 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEUP 614).

The operation of outside plant 650 may be further described by way ofthe processing of an upstream optical data signal transmitted to headend630. Each of the transponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE UP 614 may receive a SONET/SDH optical data signal fromRPD 677 and each of the transponders may convert the SONET/SDH opticaldata signal into an electrical signal. More specifically, a firsttransceiver in the transponder may convert the SONET/SDH optical datasignal into an electrical signal. A second transceiver may then convertthe electrical signal into a second optical data signal, wherein thesecond optical data signal comprises one or more packets of light eachof which may have a distinct wavelength. Because the one or more packetsof light each have a distinct wavelength, the second optical data signalmay be said to have this distinct wavelength. Thus, the twentytransponders in 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP614 may each receive a SONET/SDH optical data signal, and each of thetwenty transponders may convert the received SONET/SDH optical datasignal into a corresponding second optical data signal, wherein each ofthe corresponding second optical data signals has a unique wavelength.That is, the wavelength of each of the corresponding second optical datasignals is distinguishable from the wavelength of any of the othercorresponding second optical data signals. Thus 20×10GNRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 614 may generate twenty correspondingsecond optical data signals each of which has a unique wavelength.

AWG 675 may receive twenty corresponding second optical data signals asan input and output a multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal(e.g., multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal 658) comprising thetwenty corresponding second optical data signals onto a fiber. In someembodiments, RPD 677 may transmit one or more 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEoptical data signals (e.g., RPD UP 637) to one ormore of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 614.RPD UP 637 may be 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEoptical data signals generated by RPD 677 in response to RPD 677receiving electrical signals on coaxial cables connecting a remotephysical (PHY) network (e.g., remote PHY network 216) to AWG 675. Themulti-wavelength upstream optical data signal 658 may be a coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal. More specifically, AWG675 may multiplex the twenty corresponding second optical data signalsonto the fiber, wherein the twenty multiplexed corresponding secondoptical data signals compose the multi-wavelength downstream opticaldata signal. The multi-wavelength optical data signal may have awavelength comprising the twenty wavelengths of the twenty correspondingsecond optical data signals.

The multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal 658, may be input toWDM 673. WDM 673 may be a four port wave division multiplexer (WDM), ora four port circulator, that receives multi-wavelength upstream opticaldata signal 658 on port 696. WDM 673 may also receive an XGPON/10GEPONsignal, carried on a first fiber (e.g., XGPON/10GEPON 654), on port 699,a GPON signal, carried on a second fiber (e.g., GPON 652), on port 698,and may multiplex multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal 658 withthe XGPON/10GEPON and GPON signal. XGPON/10GEPON 654 may be a fibercarrying an XGPON/10GEPON optical data signal with a wavelength withinthe 1571 nm-1591 nm range. GPON 652 may be a fiber carrying a GPONoptical data signal with a wavelength of 1490 nm or 1310 nm. WDM 673outputs an egress optical data signal from port 697, which may be amulti-wavelength optical data signal comprising 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE, XGPON/10GEPON, and/or GPON optical datasignals. WDM 673 may multiplex multi-wavelength upstream optical datasignal 658, the XGPON/10GEPON optical data signal, and GPON optical datasignal the same way AWG 675 multiplexes optical data signals. The egressoptical data signal (e.g., egress optical data signal 657) may be outputon port 697 of WDM 673 to port 629 of passive optical component 625.Passive optical component 625 may switch egress optical data signal 657onto primary fiber 617 or secondary fiber 627 depending on a position ofa switch in passive optical component 625. Egress optical data signal657 may be transmitted on primary fiber 617 to a first port (e.g., port615) at headend 630, or may be transmitted on secondary fiber 627 to asecond port (e.g., port 623) at headend 630.

The operation of headend 630 may be further described by way of theprocessing of an upstream optical data signal received from outsideplant 650. Egress optical data signal 657 may be received on the firstor second connector at headend 630 based on a position of optical switch613, as ingress optical data signal 611. That is ingress optical datasignal 611 may be similar to egress optical data signal 657. Ingressoptical data signal 611 may be received by WDM 609 via port 616.

WDM 609 may demultiplex ingress optical data signal 611 into amutli-wavelength upstream optical data signal 619. The multi-wavelengthupstream optical data signal 619 may be output on port 618 and receivedby EDFA 643. The multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal 619 maycomprise 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical datasignals. A gain associated EDFA 643 may be based at least in part on adistance that 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signals have to travel, similar to that of EDFA 641.Multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal 619 may be amplified byEDFA 643, and EDFA 643 may output multi-wavelength upstream optical datasignal 633 to WDM 605. WDM 605 may receive the multi-wavelength upstreamoptical data signal 633 on port 608 of WDM 605. WDM 605 may outputmulti-wavelength upstream optical data signal 636 which is substantiallythe same as multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal 633. WDM 605may function as a circulator when receiving multi-wavelength upstreamoptical data signal 633 on port 608 and outputting multi-wavelengthupstream optical data signal 636 on port 602. Multi-wavelength upstreamoptical data signal 636 may be received by AWG 607.

The multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal 636 may comprise 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals. AWG607 may demultiplex the multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal636 into individual optical data signals in accordance with theindividual wavelengths of the 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE optical data signals. More specifically, the multi-wavelengthupstream optical data signal 636 may be demultiplexed into twenty 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals,each of which may have a unique wavelength. AWG 607 may output each ofthe twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signals to each of the transponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 606. Each of the transponders of 20×10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 606 may convert areceived corresponding 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE optical data signal, of the 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE optical data signals, into a corresponding electricalsignal. More specifically, a first transceiver in each of thetransponders may convert each of the twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals into the correspondingelectrical signal. Each of the transponders may also comprise a secondtransceiver that may convert the corresponding electrical signal into aSONET/SDH optical data signal with a corresponding SONET/SDH opticaldata signal wavelength. In some embodiments, each of the twentycorresponding SONET/SDH optical data signals may have the samewavelength. In other embodiments, each of the twenty correspondingSONET/SDH optical data signals may have unique wavelengths. The twentytransponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP606 may transmit the twenty SONET/SDH optical data signals to the MTC onthe SONET/SDH optical network connection.

FIG. 7 depicts different passive optical network (PON) transceiverparameters associated with downstream transmitting circuits and upstreamtransmitting circuits, in accordance with the disclosure. Parameters700, comprise a wavelength column (i.e., wavelength 701), a transmission(Tx) power column (i.e., Tx power 702), a dispersion penalty column(i.e., dispersion power 703), a loss budget column (i.e., loss budget705), and a minimum receive power column (i.e., minimum receive power709) for different passive optical network (PON) transceivers (i.e.,GPON C+ 711, XGPON/10GEPON N2a 721, or XGPON/10GEPON N1 731).

Wavelength 701 may include the wavelength of a downstream optical datasignal (i.e., downstream 712, downstream 722, and downstream 732)transmitted by each of PON transceivers GPON C+ 711, XGPON/10GEPON N2a721, or XGPON/10GEPON N1 731 at an OCML headend to a corresponding PONtransceiver at an outside plant. Wavelength 701 may include thewavelength of an upstream optical data signal (i.e., upstream 713,upstream 723, and upstream 733) received by each of PON transceiversGPON C+ 711, XGPON/10GEPON N2a 721, or XGPON/10GEPON N1 731 at an OCMLheadend from a corresponding PON transceiver at a outside plant. Thedownstream optical data signal may be an optical data signal sent froman OCML headend to a outside plant, as disclosed herein. The upstreamoptical data signal may be an optical data signal received at the OCMLheadend from an outside plant, as disclosed herein.

Tx power 702 may include the transmission power of the downstreamoptical data signal (i.e., downstream 712, downstream 722, anddownstream 732) from each of PON transceivers GPON C+ 711, XGPON/10GEPONN2a 721, or XGPON/10GEPON N1 731 at an OCML headend to a correspondingPON transceiver at an outside plant. Tx power 702 may include thetransmission power of the upstream optical data signal (i.e., upstream713, downstream 723, and downstream 733) transmitted by each of PONtransceivers GPON C+ 711, XGPON/10GEPON N2a 721, or XGPON/10GEPON N1 731at an outside plant to a corresponding PON transceiver at an OCMLheadend.

Dispersion penalty 703 may include a power dispersion penalty associatedwith the downstream optical data signal (i.e., downstream 712,downstream 722, and downstream 732) being transmitted by each of PONtransceivers GPON C+ 711, XGPON/10GEPON N2a 721, or XGPON/10GEPON N1 731on a fiber from an OCML headend to a corresponding PON transceiver at aoutside plant. Dispersion penalty 703 may include a power dispersionpenalty associated with the upstream optical data signal (i.e.,downstream 713, downstream 723, and downstream 733) being received byeach of PON transceivers GPON C+ 711, XGPON/10GEPON N2a 721, orXGPON/10GEPON N1 731 at an OCML headend from a corresponding PONtransceiver at a outside plant.

In some embodiments, an optical data signal may experience dispersion asit travels through an optical fiber. The dispersion penalty may be basedat least in part on a bandwidth of the optical fiber, a dispersionconstant for a given wavelength carrying the optical data signal, thelength of the optical fiber, and a wavelength spread of a lasergenerating the optical data signal. More specifically the dispersionpenalty may be determined by the expression PP_(D)(B,D,L,σ_(λ))=5*log[1+2*π*(B*D*L*σ_(λ))²]. B is the bandwidth of the optical fiber carryingthe optical data signal, D is the dispersion constant, L is the lengthof the optical fiber, and σ_(λ) is the wavelength spread of the laser. Band L may be constants that are determined during a design of fiber tothe home (FTTH) network like the one depicted in FIG. 2. D may be basedat least in part a zero dispersion wavelength for the optical datasignal, a dispersion wavelength of the optical data signal, and a slopeof the dispersion characteristic for the zero dispersion wavelength ofthe optical data signal. Specifically, D may be equal to

${\frac{S_{0}}{4}*\left( {\lambda - \frac{\lambda_{0}^{4}}{\lambda^{3}}} \right)},$

wherein S₀ is the slope of the dispersion characteristic for the zerodispersion wavelength (λ₀) of the optical data signal. The zerodispersion wavelength may be the wavelength at which material dispersionand waveguide dispersion cancel one another out. λ may be the dispersionwavelength of the optical data signal. The units of S₀ may bepicoseconds per the product of nanometers squared and kilometer

$\left( {{i.e.},\frac{ps}{{nm}^{2}*{km}}} \right).$

Loss budget 705 may include a loss budget associated with the downstreamoptical data signal (i.e., downstream 712, downstream 722, anddownstream 732) being transmitted by each of PON transceivers GPON C+711, XGPON/10GEPON N2a 721, or XGPON/10GEPON N1 731 at an OCML headendto a corresponding PON transceiver at a outside plant along a fiberconnecting the OCML headend and outside plant. Loss budget 705 mayinclude a loss budget associated with the upstream optical data signal(i.e., downstream 713, downstream 723, and downstream 733) beingreceived by each of PON transceivers GPON C+ 711, XGPON/10GEPON N2a 721,or XGPON/10GEPON N1 731 at an OCML headend from a corresponding PONtransceiver at a outside plant along a fiber connecting the OCML headendand outside plant.

Minimum receive power 709 may include a minimum receive power necessaryfor each of PON transceivers GPON C+ 711, XGPON/10GEPON N2a 721, orXGPON/10GEPON N1 731, at a outside plant, to correctly decode one ormore bits received from a corresponding PON transceiver at an OCMLheadend in a downstream optical data signal (i.e., downstream 712,downstream 722, and downstream 732). For instance, a minimum receivepower level may be necessary for each of PON transceivers GPON C+ 711,XGPON/10GEPON N2a, or XGPON/10GEPON N1 731 to correctly detect a bitvalue of “1”, at the outside plant, when a bit value of “1” istransmitted by a corresponding PON transceiver at an OCML headend.Minimum receive power 709 may include a minimum receive power necessaryfor each of PON transceivers GPON C+ 711, XGPON/10GEPON N2a, at an OCMLheadend, to correctly decode one or more bits received from acorresponding transceiver at a outside plant in an upstream optical datasignal. For instance, a minimum receive power level may be necessary foreach of PON transceivers GPON C+ 711, XGPON/10GEPON N2a, orXGPON/10GEPON N1 731 to correctly detect a bit value of “1”, at the OCMLheadend, when a bit value of “1” is transmitted by a corresponding PONtransceiver at the outside plant.

In some embodiments, a GPON C+ transceiver (i.e., GPON C+ 711), at anOCML headend, may transmit a downstream (i.e., downstream 712) opticaldata signal with a wavelength (i.e., wavelength 701) of 1490 nanometers,a Tx power (i.e., Tx power 702) between 3 and 7 decibel-milliwatts, adispersion penalty (i.e., dispersion penalty 703) of 1 decibel, a lossbudget (i.e., loss budget 705) of 32 decibels, and a minimum receivepower (i.e., minimum receive power 709) of −30 decibels to a GPON C+transceiver at a outside plant.

In some embodiments, a GPON C+ transceiver (i.e., GPON C+ 711), at aoutside plant, may transmit an upstream (i.e., upstream 713) opticaldata signal, with a wavelength (i.e., wavelength 701) of 1310nanometers, a Tx power (i.e., Tx power 702) between 0.5 and 5decibel-milliwatts, a dispersion penalty (i.e., dispersion penalty 703)of 0.5 decibel, a loss budget (i.e., loss budget 705) of 32 decibels,and a minimum receive power (i.e., minimum receive power 709) of −32decibels to a GPON C+ transceiver at an OCML headend.

In some embodiments, an XGPON/10GEPON N2a transceiver (i.e.,XGPON/10GEPON N2a 721), at an OCML headend, may transmit a downstream(i.e., downstream 722) optical data signal with a wavelength (i.e.,wavelength 701) of 1575 nanometers, a Tx power (i.e., Tx power 702)between 4 and 8 decibel-milliwatts, a dispersion penalty (i.e.,dispersion penalty 703) of 1 decibel, a loss budget (i.e., loss budget705) of 31 decibels, and a minimum receive power (i.e., minimum receivepower 709) of −28 decibels to an XGPON/10GEPON N2a transceiver at aoutside plant.

In the same, or a similar embodiment, an XGPON/10GEPON N2a transceiver(i.e., XGPON/10GEPON N2a 721), at a outside plant, may transmit anupstream (i.e., upstream 723) optical data signal, with a wavelength(i.e., wavelength 701) of 1270 nanometers, a Tx power (i.e., Tx power702) between 2 and 7 decibel-milliwatts, a dispersion penalty (i.e.,dispersion penalty 703) of 0.5 decibel, a loss budget (i.e., loss budget705) of 31 decibels, and a minimum receive power (i.e., minimum receivepower 709) of −29.5 decibels to an XGPON/10GEPON N2a transceiver at anOCML headend.

In some embodiments, an XGPON/10GEPON N1 transceiver (i.e.,XGPON/10GEPON N1 731), at an OCML headend, may transmit a downstream(i.e., downstream 732) optical data signal with a wavelength (i.e.,wavelength 701) of 1575 nanometers, a Tx power (i.e., Tx power 702)between 2 and 6 decibel-milliwatts, a dispersion penalty (i.e.,dispersion penalty 703) of 1 decibel, a loss budget (i.e., loss budget705) of 31 decibels, and a minimum receive power (i.e., minimum receivepower 709) of −28 decibels to an XGPON/10GEPON N1 transceiver at aoutside plant.

In the same, or a similar embodiment, an XGPON/10GEPON N1 transceiver(i.e., XGPON/10GEPON N1 731), at an outside plant, may transmit anupstream (i.e., upstream 733) optical data signal, with a wavelength(i.e., wavelength 701) of 1270 nanometers, a Tx power (i.e., Tx power702) between 2 and 7 decibel-milliwatts, a dispersion penalty (i.e.,dispersion penalty 703) of 0.5 decibel, a loss budget (i.e., loss budget705) of 29 decibels, and a minimum receive power (i.e., minimum receivepower 709) of −27.5 decibels to an XGPON/10GEPON N1 transceiver at anOCML headend.

FIG. 8 depicts a graphical representation of wavelengths used totransport one or more signals, in accordance with the disclosure. OCMLoptical wavelengths 801 illustrate the different wavelengths of theoptical data signals described herein. For GPON optical data signalsdisclosed herein, a wavelength of 1310 nm may be used to transmit anupstream GPON optical data signal from a outside plant to an OCMLheadend. For GPON optical data signals disclosed herein, a wavelength of1490 nm may be used to transmit a downstream GPON optical data signalfrom the OCML headend o the outside plant. For 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals disclosed herein, awavelength between 1530 and 1565 nm may be used to transmit an upstream10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signalto the OCML headend from the outside plant, and to transmit a downstream10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signalto the outside plant from the OCML headend. In some embodiments, theupstream XGPON/10GEPON optical data signals disclosed herein may havewavelengths between 1260 nm and 1280 nm (e.g., XGPON/10GEPON 802). Insome embodiments, the downstream XGPON/10GEPON optical data signalsdisclosed herein may have wavelengths between 1571 nm and 1591 nm.

FIG. 9 depicts a stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) diagram, inaccordance with the disclosure. Raman gain spectrum 900 may be Ramangain coefficients for an optical fiber comprised of silica andGermania-oxide (GeO₂). Raman gain spectrum 900 may be a plot of Ramangain coefficients against different wavelengths (i.e., wavelength 903).SRS is a nonlinear process where higher frequency optical channels aredepleted and lower frequency optical channels are amplified. With eachoptical channel being modulated, the intensity of higher frequencyoptical data signals modulate the intensity of lower frequency opticaldata signals. As a result, SRS may lead to optical crosstalk betweenchannels. The optical crosstalk due to SRS may be referred to as SRSoptical crosstalk, and may be defined by the following expression

${XT}_{{SRS},i} = {P^{2}{\sum\limits_{k \neq i}{{\underset{{\overset{\sim}{\Delta}}_{eff}}{g_{i,k}^{2}}\left( {\left( {1 - e^{{- \alpha}\; L}} \right)^{2} + {4e^{{- \alpha}\; L}{\sin^{2}\left( \frac{\Omega \; d_{i,k}L}{2} \right)}}} \right)}/\left( {\alpha^{2} + {\Omega^{2}d_{i,k}^{2}}} \right)}}}$

That is the optical crosstalk experienced on a channel “i” (XT_(SRS,i))is based at least in part on the square of the optical fiber launchpower per channel (P) at which an optical data signal is transmitted.The optical crosstalk may also based at least in part on Raman gaincoefficients (g_(i,k) ²) between channel “i” and a channel “k”. TheRaman gain coefficients may be based at least in part on a Raman gainslope and the frequency at which optical data signals on channel “i” arepropagating and the frequency at which optical data signals on channel“k” are propagating. The optical crosstalk may also be based at least inpart on a fiber loss (α) and length (L) of the optical fiber. Theoptical crosstalk may also be based at least in part on a subcarriermodulation frequency (Ω) and a group velocity mismatch between opticaldata signals propagating on channel “i” and optical data signalspropagating on channel “k” (d_(i,k)).

Depending on the wavelength separation between the optical data signalspropagating on channel “i” and the optical data signals propagating onchannel “k”, polarization states of the optical data signals in channels“i′” and “k”, the optical fiber launch powers for channels “i′” and “k”SRS optical crosstalk may occur which depletes shorter (pump depletion902) wavelengths (e.g., GPON 1490 nm) and amplifies the higher (stokes)wavelengths resulting in signal degradation for certain optical datasignals (e.g., coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical datasignal degradation 901). In some embodiments, the effect is on lower RFfrequencies carried on longer wavelength optical data signals. Becauseof this interference from a GPON optical data signal with a wavelengthof 1490 nm may cause interference or signal degradation of a 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal with awavelength of 1560 nm. In some embodiments, the SRS optical crosstalkmay be 35 dB which may result in a tolerable BER.

FIG. 10 depicts a schematic illustration of wavelength and optical fibermonitoring of cascaded OCML headends in accordance with the disclosure.Headend 1001 is a smart integrated OCML headend, which is a circuit,comprising one or more EDFAs (e.g., Booster Optical amplifiers 1012 and1019), a DWDM (e.g., DWDM 1007), one or more WDMs (e.g., WDM 1008 and1023), one or more DCMs (e.g., DCM 1018 and 1015), and an optical switch1027 to feed a primary optical fiber (e.g., Primary Fiber 1031) orsecondary (backup) optical fiber (e.g., Secondary Fiber 1032). The OCMLheadend may be located in a secondary terminal center (STC) thatconnects the MTC facility to a outside plant or field hub housing amultiplexer-demultiplexer (MDM) (e.g., MDM 208 in FIG. 2).

In one aspect, headend 1001 may comprise twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE downstream (DS) transponders (e.g., 20×10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1003) and twenty 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE upstream (UP)transponders (e.g., 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE UP 1004). 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS1003 may transmit downstream data over twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE wavelengths. 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1004 may receive upstream data over 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE wavelengths. Headend 1001 maycomprise two PON 1002 connectors, one of which may be a GPON connector(e.g., GPON 1006) and one of which may be an XGPON/10GEPON connector(e.g., XGPON/10GEPON 1005). Headend 1001 may also comprise twowavelength-monitoring ports (e.g., wavelength-monitoring ports 1039), aprimary optical fiber (e.g., primary optical fiber 1031) and a secondaryoptical fiber (e.g., secondary optical fiber 1032) that transmit andreceive a plurality of multi-wavelength 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE and GPON/XGPON/10GEPON optical signals. Primaryoptical fiber 1031 and secondary optical fiber 1032 may transmit a firstplurality of multi-wavelength coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE,GPON, and/or XGPON/10GEPON optical signals from headend 1001 to aoutside plant (not illustrated in FIG. 10), and may receive a secondplurality of multi-wavelength 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE, GPON, and/or XGPON/10GEPON optical signals from the outsideplant.

The operation of headend 1001 may be described by way of the processingof downstream optical data signals transmitted from headend 1001 to afield hub or outside plant, and the processing of upstream optical datasignals received from the field hub or outside plant. Each of thetransponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS1003 may receive a SONET/SDH optical data signal from a MTC and each ofthe transponders may convert the SONET/SDH optical data signal into anelectrical signal. More specifically, a first transceiver in thetransponder may convert the SONET/SDH optical data signal into anelectrical signal. A second transceiver may then convert the electricalsignal into a second optical data signal, wherein the second opticaldata signal comprises one or more packets of light each of which mayhave a distinct wavelength. Because the one or more packets of lighteach have a distinct wavelength, the second optical data signal may besaid to have this distinct wavelength. Thus, the twenty transponders in20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1003 may eachreceive a SONET/SDH optical data signal, and each of the twentytransponders may convert the received SONET/SDH optical data signal intoa corresponding second optical data signal, wherein each of thecorresponding second optical data signals has a unique wavelength. Thatis, the wavelength of each of the corresponding second optical datasignals is distinguishable from the wavelength of any of the othercorresponding second optical data signals. Thus 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1003 may generate twenty correspondingsecond optical data signals each of which has a unique wavelength.

DWDM 1007 may receive the twenty corresponding second optical datasignals as an input and output a multi-wavelength downstream opticaldata signal (e.g., 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS1098) comprising the twenty corresponding second optical data signalsonto a fiber. More specifically, DWDM 1007 may multiplex the twentycorresponding second optical data signals onto the fiber, wherein thetwenty multiplexed corresponding second optical data signals compose themulti-wavelength downstream optical data signal. The multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal may have a wavelength comprising thetwenty wavelengths of the twenty corresponding second optical datasignals.

The multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1098, may be input to a WDM (e.g.WDM 1008). WDM 1008 may be a three port wave division multiplexer (WDM),or a three port circulator, that receives 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1098 on port 1010 and outputs 10G NRZ, coherent100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1098 on port 1009 as 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1013. 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1013 may be substantially the same as10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1098 because WDM1008 may function as a circulator when 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1098 is input on port 1010.

WDM 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1013 may beinput to an EDFA (e.g., booster optical amplifier 1012). A gain of thebooster optical amplifier (e.g., booster optical amplifier 1012) may bebased at least in part on a distance that a downstream signal has totravel. For example, the gain may be a function of a fiber attenuationcoefficient α, which is a measure of the intensity of the attenuation ofa beam of light as it traverses a length of an optical fiber segment.The unit of measurement of the fiber attenuation coefficient is decibels(dB) per km (dB/km). For instance, the gain of booster optical amplifier1012 may be adjusted based at least in part on the attenuationcoefficient and length of fiber that the egress optical data signal willtravel. More specifically, the gain of booster optical amplifier 1012may be G=e^((2αL)), where α is the fiber attenuation coefficient, asexplained above, and L is the length of the fiber (e.g., the length ofprimary fiber 1031 and/or the length of secondary fiber 1032). 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1013 may be amplified bybooster optical amplifier 1012, and booster optical amplifier 1012 mayoutput 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1017 to DCM1018.

10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1017 may be inputinto a DCM (e.g., DCM 1012) to compensate for dispersion that 10GNRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1017 may experience afterbeing amplified by an EDFA and multiplexed by a WDM, with other opticaldata signals, that are downstream from the DCM. The amplified andmultiplexed optical data signal may be referred to as an egress opticaldata signal, as it is the optical data signal that may be transmittedout of headend 1001 over a fiber connecting headend 1001 to a field hubor outside plant. In some embodiments, DCM 1018 may be configured tobalance positive and/or negative dispersion that may be introduced tothe egress optical data signal by the fiber. In some embodiments, DCM1018 may be configured to compensate for positive (temporal broadeningof the egress optical data signal) and/or negative (temporal contractionof the egress optical data signal) dispersion introduced by fiber thatis 80 km or greater in length, to reduce the sensitivity or OSNR levelsof a transceiver in a DWDM located at a field hub or outside plant. Morespecifically, DCM 1018 may be configured to reduce the sensitivity orOSNR level requirement in a photodetector or fiber-optic sensor in thetransceiver, which may drastically reduce the cost of the transceiversused in the DWDM located at the field hub or outside plant.

WDM 1023 may be a WDM that may multiplex 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1022 with one or more PON signals carried onXGPON/10GEPON 1005 and GPON 1006. 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 1022 may be a multi-wavelength optical data signal,wherein the wavelengths comprise the same wavelengths as 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1022. In some embodiments,the wavelengths of the multi-wavelength optical data signal 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1022 may be within theconventional c band of wavelengths, which may include wavelengths withinthe 1520 nm-1565 nm range. XGPON/10GEPON 1005 may be a fiber carrying anXGPON/10GEPON optical data signal with a wavelength within the 1571nm-1591 nm or 1260 nm-1280 nm range. GPON 1006 may be a fiber carrying aGPON optical data signal with a wavelength of 1490 nm or 1310 nm. TheXGPON/10GEPON optical signal may be input to WDM 1023 on port 1021 andthe GPON optical signal may be input to WDM 110 on port 160. WDM 1023outputs an egress optical data signal from port 1025, which may be amulti-wavelength optical data signal comprising 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE, XGPON/10GEPON, and GPON optical datasignals. WDM 1023 may multiplex 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 1022, the XGPON/10GEPON optical data signal, and GPONoptical data signal the same way DWDM 1007 multiplexes optical datasignals. The egress optical data signal (e.g., egress optical datasignal 1020) may be output on port 1025 of WDM 1023 and optical switch1027 may switch egress optical data signal 1020 out of connector 1029 orconnector 1034. In some embodiments, connector 1029 may be a primaryconnector and connector 1034 may be a secondary connector or a backupconnector. Wavelength monitoring connector 1039 may connect connector1028 to a first port of wavelength-monitoring ports 1039, and wavelengthmonitoring connector 1034 may connect connector 1035 to a second port ofwavelength-monitoring ports 1039. Wavelength-monitoring ports 1039 maymonitor the wavelengths in egress optical data signal 1020 via connector1029 or connector 1034 depending on the position of switch 1027. Egressoptical data signal 1020 may exit headend 1001 either via connector 1030connected to primary fiber 1031 or via connector 1033 connected tosecondary fiber 1032 depending on the position of switch 1027. Egressoptical data signal 1020 may be transmitted on primary fiber 1031 to afirst connector in the field hub or outside plant, or may be transmittedon secondary fiber 1032 to a second connector in the field hub oroutside plant. The field hub or outside plant may include a MDM with thefirst connector and the second connector.

The operation of headend 1001 may be described by way of the processingof upstream optical data signals received at headend 1001 from a fieldhub or outside plant. For instance, a multi-wavelength ingress opticaldata signal, comprising one or more of a 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal, XGPON/10GEPON optical datasignal, and/or GPON optical data signal, may be an upstream optical datasignal received on primary fiber 1031 or secondary fiber 1032 dependingon the position of switch 1027. Because the multi-wavelength ingressoptical data signal is routed to port 1025 of WDM 1023, and is alterednegligibly between connector 1028 and port 1025 or connector 1035 andport 1025, depending on the position of switch 1027, themulti-wavelength ingress optical data signal may be substantially thesame as ingress optical data signal 1026. The multi-wavelength ingressoptical data signal may traverse connector 1028 and switch 1027, beforeentering WDM 1023 via port 1025 if switch 1027 is connected to connector1028. The multi-wavelength ingress optical data signal may traverseconnector 1035 and switch 1027, before entering WDM 1023 via port 1025if switch 1027 is connected to connector 1350. WDM 1023 may demultiplexone or more 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signals, XGPON/10GEPON optical data signals, and/or GPON opticaldata signals from ingress optical data signal 1026. WDM 1023 maytransmit the one or more XGPON/10GEPON optical data signals alongXGPON/10GEPON 1005 to one of PON connectors 1002 via port 1024. WDM 1023may transmit the one or more GPON optical data signals along GPON 1006to one of PON connectors 1002 via port 1021. WDM 1023 may transmit theone or more 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signals (e.g., signal 1038) out of port 1037 to BOA 1019.

A gain of BOA 1019 may be based at least in part on a distance that theSONET/SDH egress optical data signal has to travel. For example, thegain may be a function of a fiber attenuation coefficient α, which is ameasure of the intensity of the attenuation of a beam of light as ittraverses a length of an optical fiber segment on the SONET/SDH opticalnetwork connection. For instance, the gain of BOA 1019 may be adjustedbased at least in part on the attenuation coefficient and length offiber that the egress optical data signal will travel. Morespecifically, the gain of BOA 1019 may be G=e^((2αL)), where α is thefiber attenuation coefficient, as explained above, and L is the lengthof the fiber (e.g., the length of the fiber of the SONET/SDH opticalnetwork connection). Signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE 1038 may be amplified by BOA 1019, and BOA 1019 may output10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1014 to DCM 1015.

The wavelength of 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP1014 may be within the conventional c band of wavelengths, which mayinclude wavelengths within the 1520 nm-1565 nm range. The one or moreXGPON/10GEPON optical data signals may have a wavelength within the 1571nm-1591 nm or 1260 nm-1280 nm range, and the one or more GPON opticaldata signals may have a wavelength of 1490 nm.

In some embodiments, DCM 1015 may be configured to balance positiveand/or negative dispersion that may be introduced to a SONET/SDH egressoptical data signal that may enter headend 1001 from 20×10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1004. The SONET/SDH egressoptical data signal may be an upstream signal from a field hub oroutside plant destined for a MTC. For example, a customer premise may beconnected to the field hub or outside plant and may send one or morepackets via a SONET/SDH network to the field hub or outside plant whichmay in turn transmit the one or more packets using 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals to headend 1001. Theone or more packets may be destined for a company web server connectedto the MTC via a backbone network. Because headend 1001 may becollocated in a STC that is connected to the MTC via an optical ringnetwork, wherein the connection between the STC and MTC is an SONET/SDHoptical network connection, DCM 1015 may be configured to compensate forpositive and/or negative dispersion on the SONET/SDH optical networkconnection. That is DCM 1015 may be configured to reduce temporalbroadening of the SONET/SDH egress optical data signal or temporalcontraction of the SONET/SDH egress optical data signal. DCM 1015 mayinput 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1016 and myoutput 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1014 to WDM1008.

WDM 1008 may receive 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEUP 1014 on port 1011, and may output 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE UP 1009 on port 1010 as a multi-wavelength upstreamoptical data signal (e.g., 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE UP 1009). 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP1098 is substantially the same as 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE UP 1014 because WDM 1008 may function as a circulatorwhen 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1014 is inputto port 1011. 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1009may be received by DWDM 1007, and DWDM may demultiplex one or more 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals from10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1009. Because 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1009 is a dispersioncompensated amplified version of the multi-wavelength ingress opticaldata signal, DWDM 1007 may demultiplex the one or more optical datasignals into individual optical data signals in accordance with theindividual wavelengths of any coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEoptical data signals in the multi-wavelength ingress optical datasignal. More specifically, 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE UP 1009 may be demultiplexed into twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals, each of which mayhave a unique wavelength. DWDM 1007 may output each of the twenty 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals toeach of the transponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE UP 1004. Each of the transponders of 20×10GNRZ, coherent100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1004 may convert a receivedcorresponding 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signal, of the 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEoptical data signals, into a corresponding electrical signal. Morespecifically, a first transceiver in each of the transponders mayconvert each of the twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE optical data signals into the corresponding electrical signal.Each of the transponders may also comprise a second transceiver that mayconvert the corresponding electrical signal into a SONET/SDH opticaldata signal with a corresponding SONET/SDH optical data signalwavelength. In some embodiments, each of the twenty correspondingSONET/SDH optical data signals may have the same wavelength. In otherembodiments, each of the twenty corresponding SONET/SDH optical datasignals may have unique wavelengths. The twenty transponders of 20×10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1014 may transmit thetwenty SONET/SDH optical data signals to the MTC on the SONET/SDHoptical network connection.

Headend 1086 and the components therein may be similar in function tothe components in headend 1001. Optical line monitor 1011 ports c and gmay be connected to wavelength-monitoring ports 1039 and optical linemonitor 1011 ports b and f may be connected to wavelength-monitoringports 1084. Optical line monitor 1011 may be a device that monitorsegress optical data signals transmitted on primary fiber 1031 or primaryfiber 1070 and ingress optical data signals received on primary fiber1031 or primary fiber 1070. Optical line monitor 1011 may also monitoregress optical data signals transmitted on secondary fiber 1032 orsecondary fiber 1071 and ingress optical data signals received onsecondary fiber 1032 or secondary fiber 1071.

FIG. 11 a schematic illustration of wavelength and optical fibermonitoring of an OCML headend in accordance with the disclosure. Headend1102 and the components therein may be similar in function to thecomponents in headend 1001. Optical line monitor 1011 ports a and e maybe connected to wavelength-monitoring ports 1178.

FIG. 12 depicts an access network diagram of an OCML headend comprisingwavelength division multiplexers (WDMs), a dense wavelength divisionmultiplexer (DWDM), and optical amplifiers, in accordance with thedisclosure. FIG. 12 shows a schematic of an OCML headend according to atleast one embodiment of the disclosure. As shown in FIG. 12, headend1201 is a smart integrated OCML headend, which is a circuit, comprisinga DWDM (e.g., DWDM 1205), a first WDM (e.g., WDM 1210), a second WDM(e.g., WDM 1220), a GPON/EPON connector (e.g., GPON/EPON 1218), abooster amplifier BOA (e.g., BOA 1215), an optical pre-amplifier (OPA)(e.g., OPA 1214), an optical switch 1226 to feed a primary optical fiber(e.g., Primary Fiber 1235) via a primary variable optical attenuator(VOA) (e.g., VOA 1231) or secondary (backup) optical fiber (e.g.,Secondary Fiber 1236) via a secondary variable optical attenuator (VOA)(e.g., VOA 1232). DWDM 1205 may be similar in functionality to DWDM 106and WDM 1210 and WDM 1220 may be similar in functionality to WDM 108.The disclosure provides a method of transporting multiple 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE and GPON/EPON signals on thesame optical fiber over extended links of up to 60 kms without a cablecompany having to put optical amplifiers between the cable's MasterTerminal Center (MTC) facility and a field hub or outside plant. The MTCfacility may be an inside plant facility where α cable company acquiresand combines services to be offered to customers. The MTC facilityprovides these combined services to customers, by transmitting andreceiving optical signals over a plurality of optical fibers to a fieldhub or outside plant which connects the plurality of optical fibers to acustomer's premise. The OCML headend may be located in a secondaryterminal center (STC) that connects the MTC facility to a field hub oroutside plant housing a multiplexer-demultiplexer (MDM) (e.g., MDM 208in FIG. 2).

The EPON signals may operate with the same optical frequencies as GPONand time division multiple access (TDMA). The raw line data rate is 1.25Gbits/s in both the downstream and upstream directions.

EPON is fully compatible with other Ethernet standards, so no conversionor encapsulation is necessary when connecting to Ethernet-based networkson either end. The same Ethernet frame is used with a payload of up to1518 bytes. EPON may not use a carrier sense multiple access(CSMA)/collision detection (CD) access method used in other versions ofEthernet.

There is a 10-Gbit/s Ethernet version designated as 802.3av. The linerate may be 10.3125 Gbits/s. The primary mode is 10 Gbits/s upstream aswell as downstream. A variation uses 10 Gbits/s downstream and 1 Gbit/supstream. The 10-Gbit/s versions use different optical wavelengths onthe fiber, 1571 to 1591 nm downstream and 1260 to 1280 nm upstream sothe 10-Gbit/s system can be wavelength multiplexed on the same fiber asa standard 1-Gbit/s system.

In one aspect, headend 1201 may comprise twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE downstream (DS) transponders (e.g., 20×10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1203) and twenty 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE upstream (UP)transponders (e.g., 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE UP 1204). 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS1203 may transmit downstream data over twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE wavelengths. 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1204 may receive upstream data over 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE wavelengths. 20×10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1203 may comprise the sameelements and perform the same operations as 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 190, and 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1204 may comprise the same elements andperform the same operations as 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE UP 188.

The operation of headend 1201 may be described by way of the processingof downstream optical data signals transmitted from headend 1201 to afield hub or outside plant, and the processing of upstream optical datasignals received from the field hub or outside plant. Each of thetransponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS1203 may receive a SONET/SDH optical data signal from a MTC and each ofthe transponders may convert the SONET/SDH optical data signal into anelectrical signal. More specifically, a first transceiver in thetransponder may convert the SONET/SDH optical data signal into anelectrical signal. A second transceiver may then convert the electricalsignal into a second optical data signal, wherein the second opticaldata signal comprises one or more packets of light each of which mayhave a distinct wavelength. Because the one or more packets of lighteach have a distinct wavelength, the second optical data signal may besaid to have this distinct wavelength. Thus, the twenty transponders in20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1203 may eachreceive a SONET/SDH optical data signal, and each of the twentytransponders may convert the received SONET/SDH optical data signal intoa corresponding second optical data signal, wherein each of thecorresponding second optical data signals has a unique wavelength. Thatis, the wavelength of each of the corresponding second optical datasignals is distinguishable from the wavelength of any of the othercorresponding second optical data signals. Thus 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1203 may generate twenty correspondingsecond optical data signals each of which has a unique wavelength.

DWDM 1205 may receive the twenty corresponding second optical datasignals as an input and output a multi-wavelength downstream opticaldata signal (e.g., 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS1206) comprising the twenty corresponding second optical data signalsonto a fiber. The multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1206 may be a 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal. Morespecifically, DWDM 1205 may multiplex the twenty corresponding secondoptical data signals onto the fiber, wherein the twenty multiplexedcorresponding second optical data signals compose the multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal. The multi-wavelength optical data signalmay have a wavelength comprising the twenty wavelengths of the twentycorresponding second optical data signals.

The multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1206, may be input to WDM 1210. WDM1210 may be a three port circulator, that receives multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 1206 on port 1208, and outputs multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal coherent 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1206, on port 1211 as multi-wavelength downstreamoptical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEDS 1213 to BOA 1215.

BOA 1215 may have a gain that is based at least in part on a distancethat a downstream signal has to travel. For example, the gain may be afunction of a fiber attenuation coefficient α, which is a measure of theintensity of the attenuation of a beam of light as it traverses a lengthof an optical fiber segment. The unit of measurement of the fiberattenuation coefficient is decibels (dB) per km (dB/km). For instance,BOA 1215 may be adjusted based at least in part on the attenuationcoefficient and length of fiber that the egress optical data signal willtravel. More specifically, the gain BOA 1215 may be G=e^((2αL)), where αis the fiber attenuation coefficient, as explained above, and L is thelength of the fiber (e.g., the length of primary fiber 1235 and/or thelength of secondary fiber 1236). Multi-wavelength downstream opticaldata signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1213may be amplified by BOA 1215, and BOA 1215 may output multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 1216 to port 1217 of WDM 1220. WDM 1220 outputs anegress optical data signal from port 1219, which may be amulti-wavelength optical data signal comprising 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE, EPON, and/or GPON optical data signals.The EPON and/or GPON optical data signals may be received on a GPON/EPONconnector (e.g., GPON/EPON 1218) from PON port 1202.

Egress optical data signal 1225 may be output by WDM 1220 and opticalswitch 1226 may switch egress optical data signal 1225 onto connector1228 or connector 1227 depending on the position of switch 1226. In someembodiments, connector 1228 may be a primary connector and connector1227 may be a secondary connector or a backup connector. Wavelengthmonitoring connector 1230 may connect connector 1228 to a first port ofwavelength-monitoring ports 1237, and wavelength monitoring connector1229 may connect connector 1227 to a second port ofwavelength-monitoring ports 1237. Wavelength-monitoring ports 1237 maymonitor the wavelengths in egress optical data signal 1225 via connector1228 or connector 1227 depending on the position of switch 1226. Egressoptical data signal 1225 may exit headend 1201 either via connector 1228connected to primary fiber 1235, as egress optical data signal 1240, orvia connector 1227 connected to secondary fiber 1236, as egress opticaldata signal 1241, depending on the position of switch 1226. Egressoptical data signal 1225 may be transmitted as, egress optical datasignal 1240, on primary fiber 1235 to a first connector in the field hubor outside plant. Egress optical data signal may be transmitted as,egress optical data signal 1241, on secondary fiber 1236 to a secondconnector in the field hub or outside plant. The field hub or outsideplant may include a MDM with the first connector and the secondconnector.

Variable optical attenuator (VOA) 1231 and VOA 1232 may be used toreduce the power levels of egress optical data signal 1225 or ingressoptical data signal 1224. The power reduction may done by absorption,reflection, diffusion, scattering, deflection, diffraction, anddispersion, of egress optical data signal 1225 or ingress optical datasignal 1224. VOA 1231 and VOA 1232 typically have a working wavelengthrange in which they absorb all light energy equally. In some embodimentsVOA 1231 and VOA 1232 utilize a length of high-loss optical fiber, thatoperates upon its input optical signal power level in such a way thatits output signal power level is less than the input level. For example,egress optical data signal 1225 may have an input power level to VOA1231 that may be greater than the output power level of egress opticaldata signal 1240 as it is output from VOA 1231. Similarly if egressoptical data signal 1225 is transmitted on connector 1227, egressoptical data signal 1225 may have an input power level to VOA 1232 thatmay be greater than the output power level of egress optical data signal1241. In some embodiments, the output power level of egress optical datasignal 1240 may be greater than the output power level of egress opticaldata signal 1241, and vice versa. The difference in output power levelsbetween egress optical data signal 1240 and egress optical data signal1241 may depend on the mode of primary fiber 1235 and secondary fiber1236. VOA 1232 may have a similar functionality to that have VOA 1231.

The variability of the output power level of VOA 1231 and VOA 1232 maybe achieved using a fiber coupler, where some of the power is not sentto the port that outputs, but to another port. Another possibility is toexploit variable coupling losses, which are influenced by variablepositioning of a fiber end. For example, the transverse position of theoutput fiber or the width of an air gap between two fibers may bevaried, obtaining a variable loss without a strong wavelengthdependence. This principle may be used for single-mode fibers. VOA 1231and VOA 1232 may be based on some piece of doped fiber, exhibitingabsorption within a certain wavelength range.

The operation of headend 1201 may be described by way of the processingof upstream optical data signals received at headend 1201 from a fieldhub or outside plant. For instance, a multi-wavelength ingress opticaldata signal, comprising one or more of a 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal, EPON optical data signal,and/or GPON optical data signal, may be an upstream optical data signalreceived on primary fiber 1235 or secondary fiber 1236 depending on theposition of switch 1226.

Because the multi-wavelength ingress optical data signal is routed toport 1223 of WDM 1220, and is altered negligibly between connector 1228and port 1223 or connector 1227 and port 1223, depending on the positionof switch 1226, the multi-wavelength ingress optical data signal may besubstantially the same as ingress optical data signal 1224. Themulti-wavelength ingress optical data signal may traverse connector 1228and switch 1226, before entering WDM 1220 via port 1223 if switch 1226is connected to connector 1228. The multi-wavelength ingress opticaldata signal may traverse connector 1227 and switch 1226, before enteringWDM 1220 via port 1223 if switch 1226 is connected to connector 1227.WDM 1220 may demultiplex one or more 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE optical data signals, EPON optical data signals, and/orGPON optical data signals from ingress optical data signal 1224. WDM1220 may transmit the one or more EPON and/or GPON optical data signalsalong GPON/EPON 1218 to PON connector 1202 via port 1219. WDM 1220 maytransmit the one or more 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE optical data signals (e.g., 10 GbE UP 1222) out of port 1221 to OPA1214.

The one or more 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEoptical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEUP 1222 may be received by OPA 1214. The one or more optical datasignals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1222 maycomprise 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical datasignals. A gain associated OPA 1214 may be based at least in part on adistance that 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signals have to travel, similar to that of BOA 1215. The one ormore optical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE UP 1222 may be amplified by OPA 1214, and OPA 1214 may outputmulti-wavelength upstream optical data signal 1212 to WDM 1210.

WDM 1210 may receive the multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal1212 on port 1209 of WDM 1210, and may output one or more optical datasignals 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1207 toDWDM 1205. The one or more optical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1207 are substantially the same asmulti-wavelength upstream optical data signal 1212. WDM 1210 mayfunction as a circulator when receiving multi-wavelength upstreamoptical data signal 1212 on port 1209 and outputting the one or moreoptical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEUP 1207 on port 1208. The one or more optical data signals 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1207 may be received byDWDM 1205.

The one or more optical data signals 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE UP 1207 may comprise 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE optical data signals. DWDM 1205 may demultiplex the oneor more optical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE UP 1207 into individual optical data signals in accordance withthe individual wavelengths of the one or more optical data signals 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1207. Morespecifically, the one or more optical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1207 may be demultiplexed into twenty10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals,each of which may have a unique wavelength. DWDM 1205 may output each ofthe twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signals to each of the transponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1204. Each of the transponders of 20×10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1204 may convert areceived corresponding 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE optical data signal, of the 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE optical data signals, into a corresponding electricalsignal. More specifically, a first transceiver in each of thetransponders may convert each of the twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals into the correspondingelectrical signal. Each of the transponders may also comprise a secondtransceiver that may convert the corresponding electrical signal into aSONET/SDH optical data signal with a corresponding SONET/SDH opticaldata signal wavelength. In some embodiments, each of the twentycorresponding SONET/SDH optical data signals may have the samewavelength. In other embodiments, each of the twenty correspondingSONET/SDH optical data signals may have unique wavelengths. The twentytransponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP1204 may transmit the twenty SONET/SDH optical data signals to the MTCon the SONET/SDH optical network connection.

FIG. 13 depicts an access network diagram of an OCML headend comprisingWDMs, a DWDM, optical amplifiers, and dispersion control modules (DCMs),in accordance with the disclosure. FIG. 13 shows a schematic of an OCMLheadend according to at least one embodiment of the disclosure. As shownin FIG. 13, headend 1301 is a smart integrated OCML headend, which is acircuit, comprising a DWDM (e.g., DWDM 1305), a first WDM (e.g., WDM1313), a second WDM (e.g., WDM 1319), a third WDM (e.g., WDM 1323), aGPON/EPON connector (e.g., GPON/EPON 1324), a booster amplifier BOA(e.g., BOA 1316), an optical pre-amplifier (OPA) (e.g., OPA 1342), avariable optical attenuator (VOA) (e.g., VOA 1321), an optical switch1326 to feed a primary optical fiber (e.g., Primary Fiber 1330) orsecondary (backup) optical fiber (e.g., Secondary Fiber 1331), and adispersion control module (DCM) (e.g., DCM 1308). DWDM 1305 may besimilar in functionality to DWDM 106 and WDM 1313, WDM 1319, and WDM1323 may be similar in functionality to WDM 108. The disclosure providesa method of transporting multiple 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE and GPON/EPON signals on the same optical fiber overextended links of up to 60 kms without a cable company having to putoptical amplifiers between the cable's Master Terminal Center (MTC)facility and a field hub or outside plant. The MTC facility may be aninside plant facility where α cable company acquires and combinesservices to be offered to customers. The MTC facility provides thesecombined services to customers, by transmitting and receiving opticalsignals over a plurality of optical fibers to a field hub or outsideplant which connects the plurality of optical fibers to a customer'spremise. The OCML headend may be located in a secondary terminal center(STC) that connects the MTC facility to a field hub or outside planthousing a multiplexer-demultiplexer (MDM) (e.g., MDM 208 in FIG. 2).

The EPON signals may operate with the same optical frequencies as GPONand time division multiple access (TDMA). The raw line data rate is 1.25Gbits/s in both the downstream and upstream directions. EPON is fullycompatible with other Ethernet standards, so no conversion orencapsulation is necessary when connecting to Ethernet-based networks oneither end. The same Ethernet frame is used with a payload of up to 1518bytes. EPON may not use a carrier sense multiple access (CSMA)/collisiondetection (CD) access method used in other versions of Ethernet. Thereis a 10-Gbit/s Ethernet version designated as 802.3av. The line rate maybe 10.3125 Gbits/s. The primary mode is 10 Gbits/s upstream as well asdownstream. A variation uses 10 Gbits/s downstream and 1 Gbit/supstream. The 10-Gbit/s versions use different optical wavelengths onthe fiber, 1575 to 1591 nm downstream and 1260 to 1280 nm upstream sothe 10-Gbit/s system can be wavelength multiplexed on the same fiber asa standard 1-Gbit/s system.

In one aspect, headend 1301 may comprise twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE downstream (DS) transponders (e.g., 20×10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1303) and twenty 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE upstream (UP)transponders (e.g., 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE UP 1304). 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS1303 may transmit downstream data over twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE wavelengths. 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1304 may receive upstream data over 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE wavelengths. 20×10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1303 may comprise the sameelements and perform the same operations as 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 190, and 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1304 may comprise the same elements andperform the same operations as 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE UP 188.

The operation of headend 1301 may be described by way of the processingof downstream optical data signals transmitted from headend 1301 to afield hub or outside plant, and the processing of upstream optical datasignals received from the field hub or outside plant. Each of thetransponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS1303 may receive a SONET/SDH optical data signal from a MTC and each ofthe transponders may convert the SONET/SDH optical data signal into anelectrical signal. More specifically, a first transceiver in thetransponder may convert the SONET/SDH optical data signal into anelectrical signal. A second transceiver may then convert the electricalsignal into a second optical data signal, wherein the second opticaldata signal comprises one or more packets of light each of which mayhave a distinct wavelength. Because the one or more packets of lighteach have a distinct wavelength, the second optical data signal may besaid to have this distinct wavelength. Thus, the twenty transponders in20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1303 may eachreceive a SONET/SDH optical data signal, and each of the twentytransponders may convert the received SONET/SDH optical data signal intoa corresponding second optical data signal, wherein each of thecorresponding second optical data signals has a unique wavelength. Thatis, the wavelength of each of the corresponding second optical datasignals is distinguishable from the wavelength of any of the othercorresponding second optical data signals. Thus 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1303 may generate twenty correspondingsecond optical data signals each of which has a unique wavelength.

DWDM 1305 may receive the twenty corresponding second optical datasignals as an input and output a multi-wavelength downstream opticaldata signal (e.g., 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS1307) comprising the twenty corresponding second optical data signalsonto a fiber. The multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1307 may be a coherent10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal.More specifically, DWDM 1305 may multiplex the twenty correspondingsecond optical data signals onto the fiber, wherein the twentymultiplexed corresponding second optical data signals compose themulti-wavelength downstream optical data signal. The multi-wavelengthoptical data signal may have a wavelength comprising the twentywavelengths of the twenty corresponding second optical data signals.

The multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1307, may be input to DCM 1308. 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1307 may be input intoDCM 1308 to compensate for dispersion that 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1307 may experience after being amplified byBOA 1316 and multiplexed by WDM 1323, with other optical data signals,that are downstream from the DCM. The amplified and multiplexed opticaldata signal may be referred to as an egress optical data signal, as itis the optical data signal that may be transmitted out of headend 1301over a fiber connecting headend 1301 to a field hub or outside plant. Insome embodiments, DCM 1308 may be configured to balance positive and/ornegative dispersion that may be introduced to the egress optical datasignal by the fiber. In some embodiments, DCM 1308 may be configured tocompensate for positive (temporal broadening of the egress optical datasignal) and/or negative (temporal contraction of the egress optical datasignal) dispersion introduced by fiber that is 80 km or greater inlength, to reduce the sensitivity or OSNR levels of a transceiver in aDWDM located at a field hub or outside plant. More specifically, DCM1308 may be configured to reduce the sensitivity or OSNR levelrequirement in a photodetector or fiber-optic sensor in the transceiver,which may drastically reduce the cost of the transceivers used in theDWDM located at the field hub or outside plant. DCM 1308 may output adispersion controlled version of 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 1307 as 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE DS 1310.

WDM 1313 may be a three port circulator, that receives multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 1310 on port 1311, and outputs multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 1310, on port 1314 as multi-wavelength downstreamoptical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEDS 1315 to BOA 1316.

BOA 1316 may have a gain that is based at least in part on a distancethat a downstream signal has to travel. For example, the gain may be afunction of a fiber attenuation coefficient α, which is a measure of theintensity of the attenuation of a beam of light as it traverses a lengthof an optical fiber segment. The unit of measurement of the fiberattenuation coefficient is decibels (dB) per km (dB/km). For instance,BOA 1316 may be adjusted based at least in part on the attenuationcoefficient and length of fiber that the egress optical data signal willtravel. More specifically, the gain BOA 1316 may be G=e^((2αL)), where αis the fiber attenuation coefficient, as explained above, and L is thelength of the fiber (e.g., the length of primary fiber 1330 and/or thelength of secondary fiber 1331). Multi-wavelength downstream opticaldata signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1315may be amplified by BOA 1316, and BOA 1316 may output multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 1317 to port 1318 of WDM 1319. WDM 1319 outputs amulti-wavelength downstream optical data signal (e.g., multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 1340) from port 1320, which may be substantially thesame as multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1317. Multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 1340 may be input to variable optical amplifier (VOA)1321.

VOA 1321 may be used to reduce the power levels of Multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 1340. The power reduction may done by absorption,reflection, diffusion, scattering, deflection, diffraction, anddispersion, of Multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1340. VOA 1321 typicallyhave a working wavelength range in which they absorb all light energyequally. In some embodiments VOA 1321 utilize a length of high-lossoptical fiber, that operates upon its input optical signal power levelin such a way that its output signal power level is less than the inputlevel. For example, multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1340 may have an inputpower level to VOA 1321 that may be greater than the output power levelof multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1339.

The variability of the output power level of VOA 1321 may be achievedusing a fiber coupler, where some of the power is not sent to the portthat outputs, but to another port. Another possibility is to exploitvariable coupling losses, which are influenced by variable positioningof a fiber end. For example, the transverse position of the output fiberor the width of an air gap between two fibers may be varied, obtaining avariable loss without a strong wavelength dependence. This principle maybe used for single-mode fibers. VOA 13211 may be based on some piece ofdoped fiber, exhibiting absorption within a certain wavelength range.

WDM 1323 may multiplex multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1339 and one ormore EPON, and/or GPON optical data signals. The EPON and/or GPONoptical data signals may be received on a GPON/EPON connector (e.g.,GPON/EPON 1324) from PON port 1302. The resulting multiplexed opticaldata signal may be referred to as egress optical data signal 1335.

Egress optical data signal 1335 may be output by WDM 1323 and opticalswitch 1326 may switch egress optical data signal 1335 onto connector1327 or connector 1334 depending on the position of switch 1326. In someembodiments, connector 1327 may be a primary connector and connector1334 may be a secondary connector or a backup connector. Wavelengthmonitoring connector 1328 may connect connector 1327 to a first port ofwavelength-monitoring ports 1344, and wavelength monitoring connector1333 may connect connector 1334 to a second port ofwavelength-monitoring ports 1344. Wavelength-monitoring ports 1344 maymonitor the wavelengths in egress optical data signal 1335 via connector1327 or connector 1334 depending on the position of switch 1326. Egressoptical data signal 1335 may exit headend 1301 via connector 1327connected to primary fiber 1330, and may be received on a firstconnector in the field hub or outside plant. Egress optical data signal1335 may exit headend 1301 via connector 1334 connected to secondaryfiber 1331, and may be received on a second connector in the field hubor outside plant. The field hub or outside plant may include a MDM withthe first connector and the second connector.

The operation of headend 1301 may be described by way of the processingof upstream optical data signals received at headend 1301 from a fieldhub or outside plant. For instance, a multi-wavelength ingress opticaldata signal, comprising one or more of a 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal, EPON optical data signal,and/or GPON optical data signal or a 10GEPN.XGPON may be an upstreamoptical data signal received on primary fiber 1330 or secondary fiber1331 depending on the position of switch 1326.

Multi-wavelength ingress optical data signal 1336 may traverse connector1327 and switch 1326, before entering WDM 1323 via port 1337 if switch1326 is connected to connector 1327. Multi-wavelength ingress opticaldata signal 1336 may traverse connector 1334 and switch 1326, beforeentering WDM 1323 via port 1337 if switch 1326 is connected to connector1327. WDM 1323 may demultiplex one or more 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals, EPON optical data signals,and/or GPON optical data signals from multi-wavelength ingress opticaldata signal 1336. WDM 1323 may transmit the one or more EPON and/or GPONoptical data signals along GPON/EPON 1324 to PON connector 1302 via port1325. WDM 1323 may transmit the one or more 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals (e.g., 10 GbE UP 1341) outof port 1338 to OPA 1342.

The one or more 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEoptical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEUP 1341 may be received by OPA 1342. The one or more optical datasignals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1341 maycomprise 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical datasignals. A gain associated OPA 1342 may be based at least in part on adistance that 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signals have to travel, similar to that of BOA 1316. The one ormore optical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE UP 1341 may be amplified by OPA 1342, and OPA 1342 may outputmulti-wavelength upstream optical data signal 1343 to WDM 1313.

WDM 1313 may receive the multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal1343 on port 1312, and may output one or more optical data signals 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1309 to DCM 1308. DCM1308 may perform one or more operations on one or more optical datasignals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1309 tocompensate for any dispersion that may have been introduced by circuitcomponents (e.g., WDM 1313, OPA 1342, or WDM 1323) or imperfections orissues with an optical fiber (e.g., primary fiber 1330 or secondaryfiber 1331). DCM 1308 may output one or more optical data signals 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1306 to DWDM 1305. Theone or more optical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE UP 1309 are substantially the same as multi-wavelengthupstream optical data signal 1343. WDM 1313 may function as a circulatorwhen receiving multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal 1343 onport 1312. The one or more optical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1306 may be received by DWDM 1305.

The one or more optical data signals 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE UP 1306 may comprise 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE optical data signals. DWDM 1305 may demultiplex the oneor more optical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE UP 1306 into individual optical data signals in accordance withthe individual wavelengths of the one or more optical data signals 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1306. Morespecifically, the one or more optical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1306 may be demultiplexed into twenty10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals,each of which may have a unique wavelength. DWDM 1305 may output each ofthe twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signals to each of the transponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1304. Each of the transponders of 20×10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1304 may convert areceived corresponding 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE optical data signal, of the 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE optical data signals, into a corresponding electricalsignal. More specifically, a first transceiver in each of thetransponders may convert each of the twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals into the correspondingelectrical signal. Each of the transponders may also comprise a secondtransceiver that may convert the corresponding electrical signal into aSONET/SDH optical data signal with a corresponding SONET/SDH opticaldata signal wavelength. In some embodiments, each of the twentycorresponding SONET/SDH optical data signals may have the samewavelength. In other embodiments, each of the twenty correspondingSONET/SDH optical data signals may have unique wavelengths. The twentytransponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP1304 may transmit the twenty SONET/SDH optical data signals to the MTCon the SONET/SDH optical network connection.

FIG. 14 depicts an access network diagram of an OCML headend and outsideplant, in accordance with the disclosure. FIG. 14 shows a schematic ofan OCML headend according to at least one embodiment of the disclosure.As shown in FIG. 14, headend 1401 is a smart integrated OCML headend,which is a circuit, comprising a DWDM (e.g., DWDM 1405), a first WDM(e.g., WDM 1410), a second WDM (e.g., WDM 1418), a first DCM (e.g., DCM1413), a second DCM 1438, a GPON/EPON connector (e.g., GPON/EPON 1420),a booster amplifier BOA (e.g., BOA 1415), an optical pre-amplifier (OPA)(e.g., OPA 1436), a first variable optical attenuator (VOA) (e.g., VOA1424), a second VOA (e.g., VOA 1429), and an optical switch 1421 to feeda primary optical fiber (e.g., Primary Fiber 1426) or secondary (backup)optical fiber (e.g., Secondary Fiber 1427). DWDM 1405 may be similar infunctionality to DWDM 106 and WDM 1410 and WDM 1418 may be similar infunctionality to WDM 108. DCM 1413 and DCM 1438 may be similar infunctionality to DCM 112. The disclosure provides a method oftransporting multiple 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEand GPON/EPON signals on the same optical fiber over extended links ofup to 60 kms without a cable company having to put optical amplifiersbetween the cable's Master Terminal Center (MTC) facility and a fieldhub or outside plant. The MTC facility may be an inside plant facilitywhere α cable company acquires and combines services to be offered tocustomers. The MTC facility provides these combined services tocustomers, by transmitting and receiving optical signals over aplurality of optical fibers to a field hub or outside plant whichconnects the plurality of optical fibers to a customer's premise. TheOCML headend may be located in a secondary terminal center (STC) thatconnects the MTC facility to a field hub or outside plant housing amultiplexer-demultiplexer (MDM) (e.g., MDM 208 in FIG. 2).

The EPON signals may operate with the same optical frequencies as GPONand time division multiple access (TDMA). The raw line data rate is 1.25Gbits/s in both the downstream and upstream directions. EPON is fullycompatible with other Ethernet standards, so no conversion orencapsulation is necessary when connecting to Ethernet-based networks oneither end. The same Ethernet frame is used with a payload of up to 1518bytes. EPON may not use a carrier sense multiple access (CSMA)/collisiondetection (CD) access method used in other versions of Ethernet. Thereis a 10-Gbit/s Ethernet version designated as 802.3av. The line rate maybe 10.3125 Gbits/s. The primary mode is 10 Gbits/s upstream as well asdownstream. A variation uses 10 Gbits/s downstream and 1 Gbit/supstream. The 10-Gbit/s versions use different optical wavelengths onthe fiber, 1571 to 1591 nm downstream and 1260 to 1280 nm upstream sothe 10-Gbit/s system can be wavelength multiplexed on the same fiber asa standard 1-Gbit/s system.

In one aspect, headend 1401 may comprise 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbEE downstream (DS) transponders (e.g., 20×10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1403) and twenty 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE upstream (UP) transponders(e.g., 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1404).20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1403 maytransmit downstream data over twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE wavelengths. 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE UP 1404 may receive upstream data over 10G NRZ, coherent100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE wavelengths. 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1403 may comprise the same elements andperform the same operations as 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 190, and 20×coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEUP 1404 may comprise the same elements and perform the same operationsas 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 188.

The operation of headend 1401 may be described by way of the processingof downstream optical data signals transmitted from headend 1401 to afield hub or outside plant, and the processing of upstream optical datasignals received from the field hub or outside plant. Each of thetransponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS1403 may receive a SONET/SDH optical data signal from a MTC and each ofthe transponders may convert the SONET/SDH optical data signal into anelectrical signal. More specifically, a first transceiver in thetransponder may convert the SONET/SDH optical data signal into anelectrical signal. A second transceiver may then convert the electricalsignal into a second optical data signal, wherein the second opticaldata signal comprises one or more packets of light each of which mayhave a distinct wavelength. Because the one or more packets of lighteach have a distinct wavelength, the second optical data signal may besaid to have this distinct wavelength. Thus, the twenty transponders in20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1403 may eachreceive a SONET/SDH optical data signal, and each of the twentytransponders may convert the received SONET/SDH optical data signal intoa corresponding second optical data signal, wherein each of thecorresponding second optical data signals has a unique wavelength. Thatis, the wavelength of each of the corresponding second optical datasignals is distinguishable from the wavelength of any of the othercorresponding second optical data signals. Thus 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1403 may generate twenty correspondingsecond optical data signals each of which has a unique wavelength.

DWDM 1405 may receive the twenty corresponding second optical datasignals as an input and output a multi-wavelength downstream opticaldata signal (e.g., 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS1407) comprising the twenty corresponding second optical data signalsonto a fiber. The multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1407 may be a 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal. Morespecifically, DWDM 1405 may multiplex the twenty corresponding secondoptical data signals onto the fiber, wherein the twenty multiplexedcorresponding second optical data signals compose the multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal. The multi-wavelength optical data signalmay have a wavelength comprising the twenty wavelengths of the twentycorresponding second optical data signals.

The multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1407, may be input to WDM 1410. WDM1410 may be a three port circulator, that receives multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 1407 on port 1408, and outputs multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 1407, on port 1408 as multi-wavelength downstreamoptical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEDS 1412 on port 1411 to DCM 1413.

Multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1412 may be input into DCM 1413 tocompensate for dispersion that 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 1412 may experience after being amplified by BOA 1415and multiplexed by WDM 1428, with other optical data signals, that aredownstream from DCM 1431. The amplified and multiplexed optical datasignal may be referred to as an egress optical data signal, as it is theoptical data signal that may be transmitted out of headend 1401 over afiber connecting headend 1401 to a field hub or outside plant. In someembodiments, DCM 1413 may be configured to balance positive and/ornegative dispersion that may be introduced to the egress optical datasignal by the fiber. In some embodiments, DCM 1413 may be configured tocompensate for positive (temporal broadening of the egress optical datasignal) and/or negative (temporal contraction of the egress optical datasignal) dispersion introduced by fiber that is 80 km or greater inlength, to reduce the sensitivity or OSNR levels of a transceiver in aDWDM located at a field hub or outside plant. More specifically, DCM1413 may be configured to reduce the sensitivity or OSNR levelrequirement in a photodetector or fiber-optic sensor in the transceiver,which may drastically reduce the cost of the transceivers used in theDWDM located at the field hub or outside plant. DCM 1413 may output adispersion controlled version of 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 1412 as 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE DS 1414.

BOA 1415 may have a gain that is based at least in part on a distancethat a downstream signal has to travel. For example, the gain may be afunction of a fiber attenuation coefficient α, which is a measure of theintensity of the attenuation of a beam of light as it traverses a lengthof an optical fiber segment. The unit of measurement of the fiberattenuation coefficient is decibels (dB) per km (dB/km). For instance,BOA 1415 may be adjusted based at least in part on the attenuationcoefficient and length of fiber that the egress optical data signal willtravel. More specifically, the gain BOA 1415 may be G=e^((2αL)), where αis the fiber attenuation coefficient, as explained above, and L is thelength of the fiber (e.g., the length of primary fiber 1426 and/or thelength of secondary fiber 1427). Multi-wavelength downstream opticaldata signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1414may be amplified by BOA 1415, and BOA 1415 may output multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 11416 to port 1417 of WDM 1418.

WDM 1418 may multiplex multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1416 and one ormore EPON, and/or GPON optical data signals. The EPON and/or GPONoptical data signals may be received on a GPON/EPON connector (e.g.,GPON/EPON 1420) from PON port 1402. The resulting multiplexed opticaldata signal may be referred to as egress optical data signal 1432.

Egress optical data signal 1432 may be output by WDM 1418 and opticalswitch 1421 may switch egress optical data signal 1432 onto connector1422 or connector 1431 depending on the position of switch 1421. In someembodiments, connector 1422 may be a primary connector and connector1431 may be a secondary connector or a backup connector. Wavelengthmonitoring connector 1423 may connect connector 1422 to a first port ofwavelength-monitoring ports 1440, and wavelength monitoring connector1430 may connect connector 1431 to a second port ofwavelength-monitoring ports 1440. Wavelength-monitoring ports 1440 maymonitor the wavelengths in egress optical data signal 1432 via connector1422 or connector 1431 depending on the position of switch 1421. Egressoptical data signal 1432 may exit headend 1401 either via connector 1422connected to primary fiber 1426, as egress optical data signal 1441, orvia connector 1431 connected to secondary fiber 1427, as egress opticaldata signal 1442, depending on the position of switch 1421. Egressoptical data signal 1432 may be transmitted as, egress optical datasignal 1441, on primary fiber 1426 to a first connector in the field hubor outside plant. Egress optical data signal may be transmitted as,egress optical data signal 1442, on secondary fiber 1427 to a secondconnector in the field hub or outside plant. The field hub or outsideplant may include a MDM with the first connector and the secondconnector.

Variable optical attenuator (VOA) 1424 and VOA 1429 may be used toreduce the power levels of egress optical data signal 1432 or ingressoptical data signal 1433. The power reduction may done by absorption,reflection, diffusion, scattering, deflection, diffraction, anddispersion, of egress optical data signal 1432 or ingress optical datasignal 1433. VOA 1424 and VOA 1429 typically have a working wavelengthrange in which they absorb all light energy equally. In some embodimentsVOA 1424 and VOA 1429 utilize a length of high-loss optical fiber, thatoperates upon its input optical signal power level in such a way thatits output signal power level is less than the input level. For example,egress optical data signal 1432 may have an input power level to VOA1424 that may be greater than the output power level of egress opticaldata signal 1441 as it is output from VOA 1424. Similarly if egressoptical data signal 1432 is transmitted on connector 1431, egressoptical data signal 1432 may have an input power level to VOA 1429 thatmay be greater than the output power level of egress optical data signal1442. In some embodiments, the output power level of egress optical datasignal 1441 may be greater than the output power level of egress opticaldata signal 1442, and vice versa. The difference in output power levelsbetween egress optical data signal 1441 and egress optical data signal1442 may depend on the mode of primary fiber 1426 and secondary fiber1427. VOA 1424 may have a similar functionality to that have VOA 1429.

The variability of the output power level of VOA 1424 and VOA 1429 maybe achieved using a fiber coupler, where some of the power is not sentto the port that outputs, but to another port. Another possibility is toexploit variable coupling losses, which are influenced by variablepositioning of a fiber end. For example, the transverse position of theoutput fiber or the width of an air gap between two fibers may bevaried, obtaining a variable loss without a strong wavelengthdependence. This principle may be used for single-mode fibers. VOA 1424and VOA 1429 may be based on some piece of doped fiber, exhibitingabsorption within a certain wavelength range.

The operation of headend 1401 may be described by way of the processingof upstream optical data signals received at headend 1401 from a fieldhub or outside plant. For instance, a multi-wavelength ingress opticaldata signal, comprising one or more of a 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal, EPON optical data signal,and/or GPON optical data signal, may be an upstream optical data signalreceived on primary fiber 1426 or secondary fiber 1427 depending on theposition of switch 1421.

Because the multi-wavelength ingress optical data signal is routed toport 1434 of WDM 1418, and is altered negligibly between connector 1422and port 1434 or connector 1432 and port 1434, depending on the positionof switch 1421, the multi-wavelength ingress optical data signal may besubstantially the same as ingress optical data signal 1433. Themulti-wavelength ingress optical data signal may traverse connector 1422and switch 1421, before entering WDM 1418 via port 1434 if switch 1421is connected to connector 1422. The multi-wavelength ingress opticaldata signal may traverse connector 1431 and switch 1421, before enteringWDM 1418 via port 1434 if switch 1421 is connected to connector 1431.WDM 1418 may demultiplex one or more 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE optical data signals, EPON optical data signals, and/orGPON optical data signals from ingress optical data signal 1433. WDM1418 may transmit the one or more EPON and/or GPON optical data signalsalong GPON/EPON 11420 to PON connector 1402 via port 1419. WDM 1418 maytransmit the one or more 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE optical data signals (e.g., 10 GbE UP 1435) out of port 1421 to OPA1436.

The one or more 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEoptical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEUP 1435 may be received by OPA 1436. The one or more optical datasignals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1435 maycomprise 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical datasignals. A gain associated OPA 1436 may be based at least in part on adistance that 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signals have to travel, similar to that of BOA 1415. The one ormore optical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE UP 1435 may be amplified by OPA 1436, and OPA 1436 may outputmulti-wavelength upstream optical data signal 1437 to DCM 1438.

In some embodiments, DCM 1438 may be configured to balance positiveand/or negative dispersion that may be introduced to a SONET/SDH egressoptical data signal that may enter headend 1401 from 20×10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1404. The SONET/SDH egressoptical data signal may be an upstream signal from a field hub oroutside plant destined for a MTC. For example, a customer premise may beconnected to the field hub or outside plant and may send one or morepackets via a SONET/SDH network to the field hub or outside plant whichmay in turn transmit the one or more packets using 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals to headend 1401. Theone or more packets may be destined for a company web server connectedto the MTC via a backbone network. Because headend 1401 may becollocated in a STC that is connected to the MTC via an optical ringnetwork, wherein the connection between the STC and MTC is an SONET/SDHoptical network connection, DCM 1438 may be configured to compensate forpositive and/or negative dispersion on the SONET/SDH optical networkconnection. That is DCM 1438 may be configured to reduce temporalbroadening of the SONET/SDH egress optical data signal or temporalcontraction of the SONET/SDH egress optical data signal. DCM 1438 mayinput 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1437 and myoutput 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1439 to WDM1410.

WDM 1410 may receive the multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1439 on port 1409of WDM 1410, and may output one or more optical data signals 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1206 to DWDM 1405. The oneor more optical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE UP 1406 are substantially the same as multi-wavelength upstreamoptical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEUP 1439. WDM 1410 may function as a circulator when receivingmulti-wavelength upstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1439 on port 1409 and may output the one ormore optical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE UP 1406 on port 1408. The one or more optical data signals 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1406 may be received byDWDM 1405.

The one or more optical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 Gb UP 1406 may comprise 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE optical data signals. DWDM 1405 may demultiplex the oneor more optical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE UP 1406 into individual optical data signals in accordance withthe individual wavelengths of the one or more optical data signals 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1406. Morespecifically, the one or more optical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1406 may be demultiplexed into twenty10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals,each of which may have a unique wavelength. DWDM 1405 may output each ofthe twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signals to each of the transponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1404. Each of the transponders of 20×10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1404 may convert areceived corresponding 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE optical data signal, of the 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE optical data signals, into a corresponding electricalsignal. More specifically, a first transceiver in each of thetransponders may convert each of the twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals into the correspondingelectrical signal. Each of the transponders may also comprise a secondtransceiver that may convert the corresponding electrical signal into aSONET/SDH optical data signal with a corresponding SONET/SDH opticaldata signal wavelength. In some embodiments, each of the twentycorresponding SONET/SDH optical data signals may have the samewavelength. In other embodiments, each of the twenty correspondingSONET/SDH optical data signals may have unique wavelengths. The twentytransponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP1404 may transmit the twenty SONET/SDH optical data signals to the MTCon the SONET/SDH optical network connection.

FIG. 15 depicts an access network diagram of an OCML headend and outsideplant, in accordance with the disclosure. FIG. 15 shows a schematic ofan OCML headend according to at least one embodiment of the disclosure.As shown in FIG. 15, headend 1501 is a smart integrated OCML headend,which is a circuit, comprising a DWDM (e.g., DWDM 1506), a first WDM(e.g., WDM 1513), a second WDM (e.g., WDM 1524), a GPON/EPON connector(e.g., GPON/EPON 1528), a booster amplifier BOA (e.g., BOA 1516), anoptical pre-amplifier (OPA) (e.g., OPA 1544), an optical switch 1530 tofeed a primary optical fiber (e.g., Primary Fiber 1550) or secondary(backup) optical fiber (e.g., Secondary Fiber 1551). DWDM 1506 may besimilar in functionality to DWDM 106 and WDM 1513 and WDM 1544 may besimilar in functionality to WDM 108. The disclosure provides a method oftransporting multiple 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEand GPON/EPON signals on the same optical fiber over extended links ofup to 60 kms without a cable company having to put optical amplifiersbetween the cable's Master Terminal Center (MTC) facility and a fieldhub or outside plant. The MTC facility may be an inside plant facilitywhere α cable company acquires and combines services to be offered tocustomers. The MTC facility provides these combined services tocustomers, by transmitting and receiving optical signals over aplurality of optical fibers to a field hub or outside plant whichconnects the plurality of optical fibers to a customer's premise. TheOCML headend may be located in the MTC facility. A field hub or outsideplant may house a multiplexer-demultiplexer (MDM) (e.g., MDM 1591).

The EPON signals may operate with the same optical frequencies as GPONand time division multiple access (TDMA). The raw line data rate is 1.25Gbits/s in both the downstream and upstream directions.

EPON is fully compatible with other Ethernet standards, so no conversionor encapsulation is necessary when connecting to Ethernet-based networkson either end. The same Ethernet frame is used with a payload of up to1518 bytes. EPON may not use a carrier sense multiple access(CSMA)/collision detection (CD) access method used in other versions ofEthernet.

There is a 10-Gbit/s Ethernet version designated as 802.3av. The linerate may be 10.3125 Gbits/s. The primary mode is 10 Gbits/s upstream aswell as downstream. A variation uses 10 Gbits/s downstream and 1 Gbit/supstream. The 10-Gbit/s versions use different optical wavelengths onthe fiber, 1571 to 1591 nm downstream and 1260 to 1280 nm upstream sothe 10-Gbit/s system can be wavelength multiplexed on the same fiber asa standard 1-Gbit/s system.

In one aspect, headend 1501 may comprise twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE downstream (DS) transponders (e.g., 20×10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1503) and twenty 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE upstream (UP)transponders (e.g., 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE UP 1504). 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS1503 may transmit downstream data over twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE wavelengths. 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1504 may receive upstream data over 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE wavelengths. 20×10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1503 may comprise the sameelements and perform the same operations as 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 190, and 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1504 may comprise the same elements andperform the same operations as 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE UP 188.

The operation of headend 1501 may be described by way of the processingof downstream optical data signals transmitted from headend 1501 to afield hub or outside plant, and the processing of upstream optical datasignals received from the field hub or outside plant. Each of thetransponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEDS1503 may receive a SONET/SDH optical data signal from a MTC and each ofthe transponders may convert the SONET/SDH optical data signal into anelectrical signal. More specifically, a first transceiver in thetransponder may convert the SONET/SDH optical data signal into anelectrical signal. A second transceiver may then convert the electricalsignal into a second optical data signal, wherein the second opticaldata signal comprises one or more packets of light each of which mayhave a distinct wavelength. Because the one or more packets of lighteach have a distinct wavelength, the second optical data signal may besaid to have this distinct wavelength. Thus, the twenty transponders in20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1503 may eachreceive a SONET/SDH optical data signal, and each of the twentytransponders may convert the received SONET/SDH optical data signal intoa corresponding second optical data signal, wherein each of thecorresponding second optical data signals has a unique wavelength. Thatis, the wavelength of each of the corresponding second optical datasignals is distinguishable from the wavelength of any of the othercorresponding second optical data signals. Thus 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1503 may generate twenty correspondingsecond optical data signals each of which has a unique wavelength.

DWDM 1506 may receive the twenty corresponding second optical datasignals as an input and output a multi-wavelength downstream opticaldata signal (e.g., 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS1508) comprising the twenty corresponding second optical data signalsonto a fiber. The multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1508 may be a 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal. Morespecifically, DWDM 1506 may multiplex the twenty corresponding secondoptical data signals onto the fiber, wherein the twenty multiplexedcorresponding second optical data signals compose the multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal. The multi-wavelength optical data signalmay have a wavelength comprising the twenty wavelengths of the twentycorresponding second optical data signals.

The multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1508, may be input to WDM 1513. WDM1513 may be a three port circulator, that receives multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 1508 on port 1509, and outputs multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 1515, on port 1514 as multi-wavelength downstreamoptical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEDS 1515 to BOA 1516.

BOA 1516 may have a gain that is based at least in part on a distancethat a downstream signal has to travel. For example, the gain may be afunction of a fiber attenuation coefficient α, which is a measure of theintensity of the attenuation of a beam of light as it traverses a lengthof an optical fiber segment. The unit of measurement of the fiberattenuation coefficient is decibels (dB) per km (dB/km). For instance,BOA 1516 may be adjusted based at least in part on the attenuationcoefficient and length of fiber that the egress optical data signal willtravel. More specifically, the gain BOA 1516 may be G=e^((2αL)), where αis the fiber attenuation coefficient, as explained above, and L is thelength of the fiber (e.g., the length of primary fiber 1550 and/or thelength of secondary fiber 1551). Multi-wavelength downstream opticaldata signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1515may be amplified by BOA 1516, and BOA 1516 may output multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 1518 to port 1520 of WDM 1524. WDM 1524 outputs anegress optical data signal from port 1541, which may be amulti-wavelength optical data signal comprising 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE, EPON, and/or GPON optical data signals.The EPON and/or GPON optical data signals may be received on a GPON/EPONconnector (e.g., GPON/EPON 1528) from PON port 1502.

Egress optical data signal 1539 may be output by WDM 1524 and opticalswitch 1530 may switch egress optical data signal 1539 onto connector1532 or connector 1538 depending on the position of switch 1530. In someembodiments, connector 1532 may be a primary connector and connector1538 may be a secondary connector or a backup connector. Wavelengthmonitoring connector 1534 may connect connector 1532 to a first port ofwavelength-monitoring ports 1548, and wavelength monitoring connector1537 may connect connector 1538 to a second port ofwavelength-monitoring ports 1548. Wavelength-monitoring ports 1548 maymonitor the wavelengths in egress optical data signal 1539 via connector1532 or connector 1538 depending on the position of switch 1530. Egressoptical data signal 1530 may exit headend 1501 either via connector 1532connected to primary fiber 1550, or via connector 1538 connected tosecondary fiber 1551, depending on the position of switch 1530. Egressoptical data signal 1539 may be transmitted on primary fiber 1550 to anoptical splitter (e.g., the optical splitter 1593) inside of orcollocated with a MDM (e.g., the MDM 1591). Egress optical data signal1539 may be transmitted on secondary fiber 1551 to the optical splitter1593.

Egress optical data signal 1539 may be received at optical splitter 1593as an ingress optical data signal. Optical splitter 1593 may also bereferred to as a beam splitter, and may comprise one or more quartzsubstrates of an integrated waveguide optical power distribution device.Optical splitter 1593 may be a passive optical network device. It may bean optical fiber tandem device comprising one or more input terminalsand one or more output terminals. Optical splitter 1539 may be FusedBiconical Taper (FBT) splitter or Planar Lightwave Circuit (PLC)splitter. Optical splitter 1593 may be a balanced splitter whereinoptical splitter 1593 comprises 2 input fibers and one or more outputfibers over which the ingress optical data signal may be spreadproportionally. In some embodiments, the ingress optical data signal maynot be spread proportionally across the output fibers of opticalsplitter 1593. In some embodiments, optical splitter 1593 may comprisetwo input fibers and 2 output fibers. A first input fiber of opticalsplitter 1593 may be connected to primary fiber 1550 and a second inputfiber of optical splitter 1593 may be connected to secondary fiber 1551.

A first output fiber of optical splitter 1593 may be connected to afilter (e.g., C-band block 1592) that filters out packets of light, inthe ingress optical data signal, with wavelengths between 1530 nm and1565 nm. This range of wavelengths may coincide with a C-band ofwavelengths. In some other embodiments, the filter may filter outpackets of light with wavelengths not inclusive of the wavelengthsbetween 1260 nm and 1520 nm and not inclusive of wavelengths between1570 nm and 1660 nm. The packets of light with wavelengths inclusive ofthe wavelengths between 1260 nm and 1520 nm and inclusive of wavelengthsbetween 1570 nm and 1660 nm, may correspond to the wavelengths of thepackets of light carrying the one or more EPON and/or GPON optical datasignals transmitted along GPON/EPON 1528. More specifically, opticalsplitter 1593, may receive one or more downstream EPON and/or GPONoptical data signals 1560, in the ingress optical data signal, thatcorresponds to the one or more EPON and/or GPON optical data signalstransmitted along GPON/EPON 1528. In some embodiments, the one or moredownstream EPON and/or GPON optical data signals 1560 may have the samewavelength as GPON DS 806. Optical splitter 1593 may output the one ormore downstream EPON and/or GPON optical data signals 1560, received inthe ingress optical data signal, to C-band block 1592.

C-band block 1592 may output one or more downstream EPON and/or GPONoptical data signals 1597 corresponding to the one or more downstreamEPON and/or GPON optical data signals 1560 with wavelengths between 1260nm and 1520 nm and wavelengths between 1570 nm and 1660 nm. The C-bandblock 1592 may transmit the one or more downstream EPON and/or GPONoptical data signals 1597 to an express port (not shown in FIG. 15)collocated with, or attached to MDM 1591. In some embodiments, theexpress port may be located within the MDM 1591.

A second output fiber of optical splitter 1593 may be connected tocoupled optical power (COP) 1594. COP 1594 may be a PON device thatmonitors the coupled optical power between Optical Splitter 1593 andDWDM 1596. In some embodiments, the coupled optical power may be apercentage value. For instance, the coupled optical power may be 1%.Optical splitter 1593, may receive one or more downstream 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals, in theingress optical data signal, that corresponds to 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1508. In some embodiments, the one ormore downstream 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEoptical data signals may have the same wavelength as 10G NRZ, coherent100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE 808. Optical splitter 1593 may outputthe one or more downstream 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE optical data signals 1563, received in the ingress optical datasignal, to COP 1594. COP 1594 may output a first percentage of the oneor more downstream 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEoptical data signals 1563 to 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE upstream and downstream test ports (e.g., 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP & DS Test Ports 1595). The firstpercentage may be a percentage of the one or more downstream 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals 1563tested by the 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEupstream and downstream test ports. The first percentage of the one ormore downstream 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEoptical data signals 1563 may be a monitoring signal used by a spectrumanalyzer to measure optical power levels of a specific wavelength. Thefirst percentage of the one or more downstream 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals 1563 may also be usedby the spectrum analyzer to analyze certain characteristics of thewavelengths of the first percentage of the one or more downstream 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals1563. COP 1594 may output a second percentage of the one or moredownstream 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signals 1565 to DWDM 1596. Because the one or more downstream 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals 1565may be a multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal DWDM 1596 maydemultiplex the one or more downstream 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals 1565 into individual opticaldata signals in accordance with the individual wavelengths of the one ormore downstream 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEoptical data signals 1565. More specifically, the one or more downstream10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals1565 may be demultiplexed into twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals, each of which may have aunique wavelength. DWDM 1596 may output each of the twenty 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals to eachof the transponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE DS 1598. Each of the transponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1598 may be in a RPD (not shown) and mayconvert a received corresponding 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE optical data signal, of the 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals, into a correspondingelectrical signal. More specifically, a first transceiver in each of thetransponders may convert each of the twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals into the correspondingelectrical signal. Each of the transponders may also comprise a secondtransceiver that may convert the corresponding electrical signal into aSONET/SDH optical data signal with a corresponding SONET/SDH opticaldata signal wavelength. In some embodiments, each of the twentycorresponding SONET/SDH optical data signals may have the samewavelength. In other embodiments, each of the twenty correspondingSONET/SDH optical data signals may have unique wavelengths. In someembodiments, the RPD may be similar in functionality to Remote PHY Node207. The RPD may convert the SONET/SDH optical data signals into anelectrical signal that may be transmitted over one or more coaxialcables. MDM 1591 may be similar in functionality to MDM 208 and may beconnected to the RPD in a way similar to the connection between MDM 208and Remote PHY Node 207.

The operation of MDM 1591 may be further described by way of theprocessing of an upstream optical data signal transmitted to headend1501. Each of the transponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE UP 1599 may receive a SONET/SDH optical data signal andeach of the transponders may convert the SONET/SDH optical data signalinto an electrical signal. Each of the transponders of 20×10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1599 may receive theSONET/SDH optical data signal from the RPD. The RPD may also convert oneor more electrical signals into the SONET/SDH optical data signal.

More specifically, a first transceiver in the transponder may convertthe SONET/SDH optical data signal into an electrical signal. A secondtransceiver may then convert the electrical signal into a second opticaldata signal, wherein the second optical data signal comprises one ormore packets of light each of which may have a distinct wavelength.Because the one or more packets of light each have a distinctwavelength, the second optical data signal may be said to have thisdistinct wavelength. Thus, the twenty transponders in 20×10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1599 may each receive aSONET/SDH optical data signal, and each of the twenty transponders mayconvert the received SONET/SDH optical data signal into a correspondingsecond optical data signal, wherein each of the corresponding secondoptical data signals has a unique wavelength. That is, the wavelength ofeach of the corresponding second optical data signals is distinguishablefrom the wavelength of any of the other corresponding second opticaldata signals. Thus 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEUP 1599 may generate twenty corresponding second optical data signalseach of which has a unique wavelength.

DWDM 1596 may receive twenty corresponding second optical data signalsas an input and output a multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal(e.g., multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal 1564) comprisingthe twenty corresponding second optical data signals. Themulti-wavelength upstream optical data signal 1564 may be a 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal. Morespecifically, DWDM 1596 may multiplex the twenty corresponding secondoptical data signals onto the fiber connecting DWDM 1596 and COP 1594,wherein the twenty multiplexed corresponding second optical data signalscompose the multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal. Themulti-wavelength optical data signal may have a wavelength comprisingthe twenty wavelengths of the twenty corresponding second optical datasignals.

The multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal 1564, may be input toCOP 1594. COP 1594 may output a first percentage of the multi-wavelengthupstream optical data signal 1564 to 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE upstream and downstream test ports (e.g., 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP & DS Test Ports 1695). Thefirst percentage may be a percentage of the multi-wavelength upstreamoptical data signal 1564 tested by the 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE upstream and downstream test ports COP 1594 mayoutput a second percentage of the multi-wavelength upstream optical datasignal 1564 to optical splitter 1593 as the multi-wavelength upstreamoptical data signal 1562.

C-band block 1592 may receive one or more upstream EPON and/or GPONoptical data signals 1566 from an express port (not shown in FIG. 15)collocated with, or attached to MDM 1591. In some embodiments, theexpress port may be located within the MDM 1591. C-band block 1592 mayfilter out packets of light, in the one or more upstream EPON and/orGPON optical data signals 1566, with wavelengths between 1530 nm and1565 nm. Thus C-band block 1592 may output one or more upstream EPONand/or GPON optical data signals 1561 with wavelengths between 1260 nmand 1520 nm and wavelengths between 1570 nm and 1660 nm.

Optical splitter 1593 may receive one or more upstream EPON and/or GPONoptical data signals 1561, and may also receive the multi-wavelengthupstream optical data signal 1562, and may multiplex themulti-wavelength one or more upstream EPON and/or GPON optical datasignals 1561 with the multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal1562. Optical splitter 1593 outputs an egress optical data signal, whichmay be a multi-wavelength optical data signal comprising 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE, GPON/EPON optical datasignals corresponding to the multiplexed multi-wavelength one or moreupstream EPON and/or GPON optical data signals 1561 and multi-wavelengthupstream optical data signal 1562. Optical splitter 1593 may output theegress optical data signal onto primary fiber 1550 connecting theoptical splitter 1593 to port 1536. Optical splitter 1593 may alsooutput the egress optical data signal onto secondary fiber 1551connecting the optical splitter 1593 to port 1546.

The operation of headend 1501 may be described by way of the processingof upstream optical data signals received at headend 1501 from MDM 1591.For instance, a multi-wavelength ingress optical data signal, comprisingone or more of a 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEoptical data signal, EPON optical data signal, and/or GPON optical datasignal, may be an upstream optical data signal received on primary fiber1550 or secondary fiber 1551 depending on the position of switch 1530.The upstream optical data signal may be substantially the same as theegress optical data signal.

The multi-wavelength ingress optical data signal 1540 may traverseconnector 1532 and switch 1530, before entering WDM 1524 via port 1541if switch 1530 is connected to connector 1532. The multi-wavelengthingress optical data signal may traverse connector 1538 and switch 1530,before entering WDM 1524 via port 1541 if switch 1530 is connected toconnector 1538. WDM 1524 may demultiplex one or more 10G NRZ, coherent100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals, EPON optical datasignals, and/or GPON optical data signals from ingress optical datasignal 1540. WDM 1524 may transmit the one or more EPON and/or GPONoptical data signals along GPON/EPON 1528 to PON connector 1502 via port1522. WDM 1524 may transmit the one or more 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals (e.g., 10 GbE UP 1542) outof port 1526 to OPA 1544.

The one or more 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEoptical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEUP 1542 may be received by OPA 1544. The one or more optical datasignals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1542 maycomprise 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical datasignals. A gain associated OPA 1544 may be based at least in part on adistance that 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signals have to travel, similar to that of BOA 1516. The one ormore optical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE UP 1542 may be amplified by OPA 1544, and OPA 1544 may outputmulti-wavelength upstream optical data signal 1512 to WDM 1513.

WDM 1513 may receive the multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal1512 on port 1510 of WDM 1513, and may output one or more optical datasignals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1511 toDWDM 1513. The one or more optical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1511 are substantially the same asmulti-wavelength upstream optical data signal 1512. WDM 1513 mayfunction as a circulator when receiving multi-wavelength upstreamoptical data signal 1512 on port 1510 and outputting the one or moreoptical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEUP 1511 on port 1509. The one or more optical data signals 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1511 may be received byDWDM 1506.

The one or more optical data signals 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE UP 1511 may comprise 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE optical data signals. DWDM 1506 may demultiplex the oneor more optical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE UP 1511 into individual optical data signals in accordance withthe individual wavelengths of the one or more optical data signals 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1511. Morespecifically, the one or more optical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1511 may be demultiplexed into twenty10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals,each of which may have a unique wavelength. DWDM 1506 may output each ofthe twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signals to each of the transponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1504. Each of the transponders of 20×10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1504 may convert areceived corresponding 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE optical data signal, of the coherent 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals, into a correspondingelectrical signal. More specifically, a first transceiver in each of thetransponders may convert each of the twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals into the correspondingelectrical signal. Each of the transponders may also comprise a secondtransceiver that may convert the corresponding electrical signal into aSONET/SDH optical data signal with a corresponding SONET/SDH opticaldata signal wavelength. In some embodiments, each of the twentycorresponding SONET/SDH optical data signals may have the samewavelength. In other embodiments, each of the twenty correspondingSONET/SDH optical data signals may have unique wavelengths. The twentytransponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP1504 may transmit the twenty SONET/SDH optical data signals to the MTCon the SONET/SDH optical network connection.

FIG. 16 depicts a process of transmitting optical signals with the OCMLheadend, in accordance with the disclosure. As shown in FIG. 16, headend1601 is a smart integrated OCML headend, which is a circuit, comprisingone or more EDFAs (e.g., booster optical amplifier (BOA) 1616 andoptical pre-amplifier (OPA) 1633), a DWDM (e.g., DWDM 1605), one or moreWDMs (e.g., WDM 1610 and 1619), one or more DCMs (e.g., DCM 1615 and1635), and an optical switch 1625 to feed a primary optical fiber (e.g.,Primary Fiber 1637) or secondary (backup) optical fiber (e.g., SecondaryFiber 1638). The disclosure provides a method of transporting multiple10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE and GPON/XGPON/10GEPONsignals on the same optical fiber over extended links of up to 60 kmswithout a cable company having to put optical amplifiers between thecable's Master Terminal Center (MTC) facility and a field hub or outsideplant. The MTC facility may be an inside plant facility where α cablecompany acquires and combines services to be offered to customers. TheMTC facility provides these combined services to customers, bytransmitting and receiving optical signals over a plurality of opticalfibers to a field hub or outside plant which connects the plurality ofoptical fibers to a customer's premise. The OCML headend may be locatedin a secondary terminal center (STC) that connects the MTC facility to afield hub or outside plant housing a multiplexer-demultiplexer (MDM)(e.g., MDM 1691).

In one aspect, headend 1601 may comprise twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE downstream (DS) transponders (e.g., 20×10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1603) and twenty 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE upstream (UP)transponders (e.g., 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE UP 1604). 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS1603 may transmit downstream data over twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE wavelengths. 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1604 may receive upstream data over 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE wavelengths. Headend 1601 maya connector (e.g., PON 1602), that may transmit and receive GPON and/orEPON signals on a GPON/EPON connector (e.g., GPON/EPON 1618). Headend1601 may also comprise two wavelength-monitoring ports (e.g.,wavelength-monitoring ports 1636), a primary optical fiber (e.g.,primary optical fiber 1637) and a secondary optical fiber (e.g.,secondary optical fiber 1638) that transmit and receive a plurality ofmulti-wavelength 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE andGPON/EPON optical signals. Primary optical fiber 1637 and secondaryoptical fiber 1638 may transmit a first plurality of multi-wavelength10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE, GPON, and/orXGPON/10GEPON optical signals from headend 1601 to amultiplexer-demultiplexer (MDM) in a outside plant (e.g., MDM 1691), andmay receive a second plurality of multi-wavelength 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE, GPON, and/or EPON optical signals from MDM1691.

In one aspect, headend 1601 can transmit and receive up to twentybi-directional 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signals, but the actual number of optical data signals may dependon operational needs. That is, headend 1601 can transport more or lessthan twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEdownstream optical signals, or more or less than twenty 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE upstream optical data signals,based on the needs of customers' networks (e.g., Remote PHY Network 216,Enterprise Network 218, Millimeter Wave Network 214). These customernetworks may be connected to headend 1601 through an optical ringnetwork (e.g., metro access optical ring network 206).

The operation of headend 1601 may be described by way of the processingof downstream optical data signals transmitted from headend 1601 to afield hub or outside plant, and the processing of upstream optical datasignals received from the field hub or outside plant. Each of thetransponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS1603 may receive a SONET/SDH optical data signal from a MTC and each ofthe transponders may convert the SONET/SDH optical data signal into anelectrical signal. More specifically, a first transceiver in thetransponder may convert the SONET/SDH optical data signal into anelectrical signal. A second transceiver may then convert the electricalsignal into a second optical data signal, wherein the second opticaldata signal comprises one or more packets of light each of which mayhave a distinct wavelength. Because the one or more packets of lighteach have a distinct wavelength, the second optical data signal may besaid to have this distinct wavelength. Thus, the twenty transponders in20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1603 may eachreceive a SONET/SDH optical data signal, and each of the twentytransponders may convert the received SONET/SDH optical data signal intoa corresponding second optical data signal, wherein each of thecorresponding second optical data signals has a unique wavelength. Thatis, the wavelength of each of the corresponding second optical datasignals is distinguishable from the wavelength of any of the othercorresponding second optical data signals. Thus 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1603 may generate twenty correspondingsecond optical data signals each of which has a unique wavelength.

DWDM 1605 may receive the twenty corresponding second optical datasignals as an input and output a multi-wavelength downstream opticaldata signal (e.g., 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS1606) comprising the twenty corresponding second optical data signalsonto a fiber. More specifically, DWDM 1605 may multiplex the twentycorresponding second optical data signals onto the fiber, wherein thetwenty multiplexed corresponding second optical data signals compose themulti-wavelength downstream optical data signal. The multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal may have a wavelength comprising thetwenty wavelengths of the twenty corresponding second optical datasignals.

The multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1606, may be input to a WDM (e.g.WDM 1610). WDM 1610 may be a three port wave division multiplexer (WDM),or a three port circulator, that receives 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1606 on port 1608 and outputs 10G NRZ, coherent100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1606 on port 1611 as 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1614. 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1614 may be substantially the same as10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1606 because WDM1610 may function as a circulator when 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1606 is input on port 1608.

10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1614 may be inputinto a DCM (e.g., DCM 1615) to compensate for dispersion that 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1614 may experience afterbeing amplified by an EDFA and multiplexed by a WDM, with other opticaldata signals, that are downstream from the DCM. The amplified andmultiplexed optical data signal may be referred to as an egress opticaldata signal, as it is the optical data signal that may be transmittedout of headend 1601 over a fiber connecting headend 1601 to a field hubor outside plant containing MDM 1691. In some embodiments, DCM 1615 maybe configured to balance positive and/or negative dispersion that may beintroduced to the egress optical data signal by the fiber. In someembodiments, DCM 1615 may be configured to compensate for positive(temporal broadening of the egress optical data signal) and/or negative(temporal contraction of the egress optical data signal) dispersionintroduced by fiber that is 80 km or greater in length, to reduce thesensitivity or OSNR levels of a transceiver in a DWDM located at a fieldhub or outside plant. More specifically, DCM 1615 may be configured toreduce the sensitivity or OSNR level requirement in a photodetector orfiber-optic sensor in the transceiver, which may drastically reduce thecost of the transceivers used in the DWDM located at the field hub oroutside plant.

DCM 1615 may input 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS1614 and may output 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEDS 1653 to an EDFA (e.g., BOA 1616). A gain of BOA 1616 may be based atleast in part on a distance that a downstream signal has to travel. Forexample, the gain may be a function of a fiber attenuation coefficientα, which is a measure of the intensity of the attenuation of a beam oflight as it traverses a length of an optical fiber segment. The unit ofmeasurement of the fiber attenuation coefficient is decibels (dB) per km(dB/km). For instance, the gain of BOA 1616 may be adjusted based atleast in part on the attenuation coefficient and length of fiber thatthe egress optical data signal will travel. More specifically, the gainof BOA 1616 may be G=e^((2αL)), where α is the fiber attenuationcoefficient, as explained above, and L is the length of the fiber (e.g.,the length of primary fiber 1637 and/or the length of secondary fiber1638). 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1653 may beamplified by BOA 1616, and BOA 1616 may output 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1620 to port 1617 of WDM 1619.

WDM 1619 may be a WDM that may multiplex 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1620 with one or more PON signals received on(GPON/EPON 1618). 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS1620 may be a multi-wavelength optical data signal, wherein thewavelengths comprise the same wavelengths as 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1606. In some embodiments, the wavelengths ofthe multi-wavelength optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1620 may be within the conventional c band ofwavelengths, which may include wavelengths within the 1520 nm-1565 nmrange. GPON 184 may be a fiber carrying a GPON optical data signal witha wavelength of 1490 nm. The GPON signal may be input to WDM 1619 onport 1671. WDM 1619 outputs an egress optical data signal from port1622, which may be a multi-wavelength optical data signal comprising 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE, EPON, and GPON opticaldata signals. WDM 1619 may multiplex 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 1620, EPON optical data signals, and GPON optical datasignals the same way DWDM 1605 multiplexes optical data signals. Theegress optical data signal (e.g., egress optical data signal 1624) maybe output on port 1622 of WDM 1619 and optical switch 1625 may switchegress optical data signal 1624 out of connector 1626 or connector 1631.In some embodiments, connector 1626 may be a primary connector andconnector 1631 may be a secondary connector or a backup connector.Wavelength monitoring connector 1627 may connect connector 1626 to afirst port of wavelength-monitoring ports 1636, and wavelengthmonitoring connector 1629 may connect connector 1631 to a second port ofwavelength-monitoring ports 1636. Wavelength-monitoring ports 1636 maymonitor the wavelengths in egress optical data signal 1624 via connector1626 or connector 1631 depending on the position of switch 1625. Egressoptical data signal 1624 may exit headend 1601 either via connector 1626connected to primary fiber 1637 or via connector 1631 connected tosecondary fiber 1638 depending on the position of switch 1625. Egressoptical data signal 1624 may be transmitted on primary fiber 1637 to afirst connector an optical splitter (e.g., the optical splitter 1693)inside of or collocated with a MDM (e.g., the MDM 1691). Egress opticaldata signal 1539 may be transmitted on secondary fiber 1638 to a secondconnector in optical splitter 1693.

Egress optical data signal 1624 may be received at optical splitter 1693as an ingress optical data signal. Optical splitter 1693 may also bereferred to as a beam splitter, and may comprise one or more quartzsubstrates of an integrated waveguide optical power distribution device.Optical splitter 1693 may be a passive optical network device. It may bean optical fiber tandem device comprising one or more input terminalsand one or more output terminals. Optical splitter 1639 may be FusedBiconical Taper (FBT) splitter or Planar Lightwave Circuit (PLC)splitter. Optical splitter 1693 may be a balanced splitter whereinoptical splitter 1693 comprises 2 input fibers and one or more outputfibers over which the ingress optical data signal may be spreadproportionally. In some embodiments, the ingress optical data signal maynot be spread proportionally across the output fibers of opticalsplitter 1693. In some embodiments, optical splitter 1693 may comprisetwo input fibers and 2 output fibers. A first input fiber of opticalsplitter 1693 may be connected to primary fiber 1637 and a second inputfiber of optical splitter 1593 may be connected to secondary fiber 1638.

A first output fiber of optical splitter 1693 may be connected to afilter (e.g., C-band block 1692) that filters out packets of light, inthe ingress optical data signal, with wavelengths between 1530 nm and1565 nm. This range of wavelengths may coincide with a C-band ofwavelengths. In some other embodiments, the filter may filter outpackets of light with wavelengths not inclusive of the wavelengthsbetween 1260 nm and 1520 nm and not inclusive of wavelengths between1570 nm and 1660 nm. The packets of light with wavelengths inclusive ofthe wavelengths between 1260 nm and 1520 nm and inclusive of wavelengthsbetween 1570 nm and 1660 nm, may correspond to the wavelengths of thepackets of light carrying the one or more EPON and/or GPON optical datasignals transmitted along GPON/EPON 1618. More specifically, opticalsplitter 1693, may receive one or more downstream EPON and/or GPONoptical data signals 1660, in the ingress optical data signal, thatcorresponds to the one or more EPON and/or GPON optical data signalstransmitted along GPON/EPON 1618. In some embodiments, the one or moredownstream EPON and/or GPON optical data signals 1660 may have the samewavelength as GPON DS 806. Optical splitter 1693 may output the one ormore downstream EPON and/or GPON optical data signals 1660, received inthe ingress optical data signal, to C-band block 1692.

C-band block 1692 may output one or more downstream EPON and/or GPONoptical data signals 1697 corresponding to the one or more downstreamEPON and/or GPON optical data signals 1660 with wavelengths between 1260nm and 1520 nm and wavelengths between 1570 nm and 1660 nm. The C-bandblock 1692 may transmit the one or more downstream EPON and/or GPONoptical data signals 1697 to an express port (not shown in FIG. 16)collocated with, or attached to MDM 1691. In some embodiments, theexpress port may be located within the MDM 1691.

A second output fiber of optical splitter 1693 may be connected tocoupled optical power (COP) 1694. COP 1694 may be a PON device thatmonitors the coupled optical power between Optical Splitter 1693 andDWDM 1696. In some embodiments, the coupled optical power may be apercentage value. For instance, the coupled optical power may be 1%.Optical splitter 1693, may receive one or more downstream 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals, in theingress optical data signal, that corresponds to 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1608. In some embodiments, the one ormore downstream 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEoptical data signals may have the same wavelength as 10G NRZ, coherent100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE 808. Optical splitter 1693 may outputthe one or more downstream 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE optical data signals 1663, received in the ingress optical datasignal, to COP 1694. COP 1694 may output a first percentage of the oneor more downstream 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEoptical data signals 1663 to 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE upstream and downstream test ports (e.g., 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP & DS Test Ports 1695). The firstpercentage may be a percentage of the one or more downstream 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals 1663tested by the 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEupstream and downstream test ports. The first percentage of the one ormore downstream 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEoptical data signals 1663 may be a monitoring signal used by a spectrumanalyzer to measure optical power levels of a specific wavelength. Thefirst percentage of the one or more downstream 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals 1663 may also be usedby the spectrum analyzer to analyze certain characteristics of thewavelengths of the first percentage of the one or more downstream 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals1663. COP 1694 may output a second percentage of the one or moredownstream 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signals 1665 to DWDM 1696.

Because the one or more downstream 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE optical data signals 1665 may be a multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal DWDM 1696 may demultiplex the one or moredownstream 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signals 1665 into individual optical data signals in accordancewith the individual wavelengths of the one or more downstream 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals 1665.More specifically, the one or more downstream 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals 1665 may be demultiplexedinto twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signals, each of which may have a unique wavelength. DWDM 1696 mayoutput each of the twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE optical data signals to each of the transponders of 20×10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1698. Each of thetransponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS1698 may be in a RPD (not shown) and may convert a receivedcorresponding 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signal, of the 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEoptical data signals, into a corresponding electrical signal. Morespecifically, a first transceiver in each of the transponders mayconvert each of the twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE optical data signals into the corresponding electrical signal.Each of the transponders may also comprise a second transceiver that mayconvert the corresponding electrical signal into a SONET/SDH opticaldata signal with a corresponding SONET/SDH optical data signalwavelength. In some embodiments, each of the twenty correspondingSONET/SDH optical data signals may have the same wavelength. In otherembodiments, each of the twenty corresponding SONET/SDH optical datasignals may have unique wavelengths. In some embodiments, the RPD may besimilar in functionality to Remote PHY Node 207. The RPD may convert theSONET/SDH optical data signals into an electrical signal that may betransmitted over one or more coaxial cables. MDM 1691 may be similar infunctionality to MDM 208 and may be connected to the RPD in a waysimilar to the connection between MDM 208 and Remote PHY Node 207.

The operation of MDM 1691 may be further described by way of theprocessing of an upstream optical data signal transmitted to headend1601. Each of the transponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE UP 1699 may receive a SONET/SDH optical data signal andeach of the transponders may convert the SONET/SDH optical data signalinto an electrical signal. Each of the transponders of 20×10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1699 may receive theSONET/SDH optical data signal from the RPD. The RPD may also convert oneor more electrical signals into the SONET/SDH optical data signal.

More specifically, a first transceiver in the transponder may convertthe SONET/SDH optical data signal into an electrical signal. A secondtransceiver may then convert the electrical signal into a second opticaldata signal, wherein the second optical data signal comprises one ormore packets of light each of which may have a distinct wavelength.Because the one or more packets of light each have a distinctwavelength, the second optical data signal may be said to have thisdistinct wavelength. Thus, the twenty transponders in 20×10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1699 may each receive aSONET/SDH optical data signal, and each of the twenty transponders mayconvert the received SONET/SDH optical data signal into a correspondingsecond optical data signal, wherein each of the corresponding secondoptical data signals has a unique wavelength. That is, the wavelength ofeach of the corresponding second optical data signals is distinguishablefrom the wavelength of any of the other corresponding second opticaldata signals. Thus 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEUP 1699 may generate twenty corresponding second optical data signalseach of which has a unique wavelength.

DWDM 1696 may receive twenty corresponding second optical data signalsas an input and output a multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal(e.g., multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal 1664) comprisingthe twenty corresponding second optical data signals. Themulti-wavelength upstream optical data signal 1664 may be a 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal. Morespecifically, DWDM 1696 may multiplex the twenty corresponding secondoptical data signals onto the fiber connecting DWDM 1696 and COP 1694,wherein the twenty multiplexed corresponding second optical data signalscompose the multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal. Themulti-wavelength optical data signal may have a wavelength comprisingthe twenty wavelengths of the twenty corresponding second optical datasignals.

The multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal 1664, may be input toCOP 1694. COP 1694 may output a first percentage of the multi-wavelengthupstream optical data signal 1664 to 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE upstream and downstream test ports (e.g., 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP & DS Test Ports 1695). Thefirst percentage may be a percentage of the multi-wavelength upstreamoptical data signal 1664 tested by the 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE upstream and downstream test ports. The firstpercentage of the multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal 1664 maybe a monitoring signal used by a spectrum analyzer to measure opticalpower levels of a specific wavelength in the multi-wavelength upstreamoptical data signal 1664. The first percentage of the multi-wavelengthupstream optical data signal 1664 may also be used by the spectrumanalyzer to analyze certain characteristics of the wavelengths of thefirst percentage of the multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal1664. COP 1694 may output a second percentage of the multi-wavelengthupstream optical data signal 1664 to optical splitter 1693 as themulti-wavelength upstream optical data signal 1662.

C-band block 1692 may receive one or more upstream EPON and/or GPONoptical data signals 1666 from an express port (not shown in FIG. 16)collocated with, or attached to MDM 1691. In some embodiments, theexpress port may be located within the MDM 1691. C-band block 1692 mayfilter out packets of light, in the one or more upstream EPON and/orGPON optical data signals 1666, with wavelengths between 1530 nm and1565 nm. Thus C-band block 1692 may output one or more upstream EPONand/or GPON optical data signals 1661 with wavelengths between 1260 nmand 1520 nm and wavelengths between 1570 nm and 1660 nm.

Optical splitter 1693 may receive one or more upstream EPON and/or GPONoptical data signals 1661, and may also receive the multi-wavelengthupstream optical data signal 1662, and may multiplex themulti-wavelength one or more upstream EPON and/or GPON optical datasignals 1661 with the multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal1662. Optical splitter 1693 outputs an egress optical data signal, whichmay be a multi-wavelength optical data signal comprising 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE, GPON/EPON optical datasignals corresponding to the multiplexed multi-wavelength one or moreupstream EPON and/or GPON optical data signals 1661 and multi-wavelengthupstream optical data signal 1662. Optical splitter 1693 may output theegress optical data signal onto primary fiber 1637 connecting theoptical splitter 1693 to port 1628. Optical splitter 1693 may alsooutput the egress optical data signal onto secondary fiber 1638connecting the optical splitter 1693 to port 1630.

The operation of headend 1601 may be described by way of the processingof upstream optical data signals received at headend 1601 from a fieldhub or outside plant. For instance, a multi-wavelength ingress opticaldata signal, comprising one or more of a 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal, EPON optical data signal,and/or GPON optical data signal, may be an upstream optical data signalreceived on primary fiber 1637 or secondary fiber 1638 depending on theposition of switch 1625. The upstream optical data signal may besubstantially the same as the egress optical data signal.

Because the multi-wavelength ingress optical data signal is routed toport 1622 of WDM 1619, and is altered negligibly between connector 1626and port 1622 or connector 1631 and port 1622, depending on the positionof switch 1625, the multi-wavelength ingress optical data signal may besubstantially the same as ingress optical data signal 1623. Themulti-wavelength ingress optical data signal may traverse 1626 andswitch 1625, before entering WDM 1619 via port 1622 if switch 1625 isconnected to connector 1626. The multi-wavelength ingress optical datasignal may traverse connector 1631 switch 1625, before entering WDM 1619via port 1622 if switch 1625 is connected to connector 1631. WDM 1619may demultiplex one or more 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE optical data signals, EPON optical data signals, and/or GPONoptical data signals from ingress optical data signal 1623. WDM 1619 maytransmit the one or more EPON optical data signals along GPON 1618 toPON connector 1602. WDM 1619 may transmit the one or more 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals (e.g., 10GbE UP 1632) out of port 1621 to OPA 1633.

A gain of OPA 1633 may be based at least in part on a distance that theSONET/SDH egress optical data signal has to travel. For example, thegain may be a function of a fiber attenuation coefficient α, which is ameasure of the intensity of the attenuation of a beam of light as ittraverses a length of an optical fiber segment on the SONET/SDH opticalnetwork connection. For instance, the gain of OPA 1633 may be adjustedbased at least in part on the attenuation coefficient and length offiber that the egress optical data signal will travel. Morespecifically, the gain of OPA 1633 may be G=e^((2αL)), where α is thefiber attenuation coefficient, as explained above, and L is the lengthof the fiber (e.g., the length of the fiber of the SONET/SDH opticalnetwork connection). 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEUP 1632 may be amplified by OPA 1633, and OPA 1633 may output 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1634 to DCM 1635.

In some embodiments, DCM 1635 may be configured to balance positiveand/or negative dispersion that may be introduced to a SONET/SDH egressoptical data signal that may exit headend 1601 from 20×10G NRZ, coherent100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1604. The SONET/SDH egress opticaldata signal may be an upstream signal from a field hub or outside plantdestined for a MTC. For example, a customer premise may be connected tothe field hub or outside plant and may send one or more packets via aSONET/SDH network to the field hub or outside plant which may in turntransmit the one or more packets using 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals to headend 1601. The one ormore packets may be destined for a company web server connected to theMTC via a backbone network. Because headend 1601 may be collocated in aSTC that is connected to the MTC via an optical ring network, whereinthe connection between the STC and MTC is an SONET/SDH optical networkconnection, DCM 1635 may be configured to compensate for positive and/ornegative dispersion on the SONET/SDH optical network connection. That isDCM 1635 may be configured to reduce temporal broadening of theSONET/SDH ingress optical data signal or temporal contraction of theSONET/SDH ingress optical data signal. DCM 1635 may input 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1634 and my output 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1613 to WDM 1610.

WDM 1610 may receive 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEUP 1613 on port 1612, and may output 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE UP 1613 on port 1608 as a multi-wavelength upstreamoptical data signal (e.g., 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE UP 1609). 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP1609 is substantially the same as 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE UP 1613 is input to port 1612. 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1609 may be received by DWDM 1605, and DWDM1605 may demultiplex one or more 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE optical data signals from 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1609. Because 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE UP 1609 is a dispersion compensated amplified version ofthe multi-wavelength ingress optical data signal, DWDM 1605 maydemultiplex the one or more optical data signals into individual opticaldata signals in accordance with the individual wavelengths of any 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals inthe multi-wavelength ingress optical data signal. More specifically, 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1609 may bedemultiplexed into twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE optical data signals, each of which may have a unique wavelength.DWDM 1605 may output each of the twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals to each of the transponders of20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1604. Each ofthe transponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE UP 1604 may convert a received corresponding 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal, of the 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals, into acorresponding electrical signal. More specifically, a first transceiverin each of the transponders may convert each of the twenty 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals into thecorresponding electrical signal. Each of the transponders may alsocomprise a second transceiver that may convert the correspondingelectrical signal into a SONET/SDH optical data signal with acorresponding SONET/SDH optical data signal wavelength. In someembodiments, each of the twenty corresponding SONET/SDH optical datasignals may have the same wavelength. In other embodiments, each of thetwenty corresponding SONET/SDH optical data signals may have uniquewavelengths. The twenty transponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1604 may transmit the twenty SONET/SDHoptical data signals to the MTC on the SONET/SDH optical networkconnection.

FIGS. 17A and 17B depicts an access network diagram of an OCML headendcomprising WDMs, a DWDM, optical amplifiers, and dispersion controlmodules (DCMs), in accordance with the disclosure. FIG. 17A shows aschematic of an OCML headend according to at least one embodiment of thedisclosure. As shown in FIG. 17A, headend 1701 is a smart integratedOCML headend, which is a circuit, comprising a DWDM (e.g., DWDM 1705), afirst WDM (e.g., WDM 1713), a second WDM (e.g., WDM 1719), a third WDM(e.g., WDM 1723), a GPON/EPON connector (e.g., GPON/EPON 1724), abooster amplifier BOA (e.g., BOA 1716), an optical pre-amplifier (OPA)(e.g., OPA 1742), a variable optical attenuator (VOA) (e.g., VOA 1721),an optical switch 1726 to feed a primary optical fiber (e.g., PrimaryFiber 1730) or secondary (backup) optical fiber (e.g., Secondary Fiber1731), and a dispersion control module (DCM) (e.g., DCM 1708). DWDM 1705may be similar in functionality to DWDM 106 and WDM 1713, WDM 1719, andWDM 1723 may be similar in functionality to WDM 108. The disclosureprovides a method of transporting multiple 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE and GPON/EPON signals on the same optical fiberover extended links of up to 60 kms without a cable company having toput optical amplifiers between the cable's Master Terminal Center (MTC)facility and a field hub or outside plant. The MTC facility may be aninside plant facility where α cable company acquires and combinesservices to be offered to customers. The MTC facility provides thesecombined services to customers, by transmitting and receiving opticalsignals over a plurality of optical fibers to a field hub or outsideplant which connects the plurality of optical fibers to a customer'spremise. The OCML headend may be located in a secondary terminal center(STC) that connects the MTC facility to a field hub or outside planthousing a multiplexer-demultiplexer (MDM) (e.g., MDM 208 in FIG. 2).

The EPON signals may operate with the same optical frequencies as GPONand time division multiple access (TDMA). The raw line data rate is 1.25Gbits/s in both the downstream and upstream directions. EPON is fullycompatible with other Ethernet standards, so no conversion orencapsulation is necessary when connecting to Ethernet-based networks oneither end. The same Ethernet frame is used with a payload of up to 1518bytes. EPON may not use a carrier sense multiple access (CSMA)/collisiondetection (CD) access method used in other versions of Ethernet. Thereis a 10-Gbit/s Ethernet version designated as 802.3av. The line rate maybe 10.3125 Gbits/s. The primary mode is 10 Gbits/s upstream as well asdownstream. A variation uses 10 Gbits/s downstream and 1 Gbit/supstream. The 10-Gbit/s versions use different optical wavelengths onthe fiber, 1575 to 1591 nm downstream and 1260 to 1280 nm upstream sothe 10-Gbit/s system can be wavelength multiplexed on the same fiber asa standard 1-Gbit/s system.

In one aspect, headend 1701 may comprise twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE downstream (DS) transponders (e.g., 20×10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1703) and twenty 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE upstream (UP)transponders (e.g., 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE UP 1704). 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS1703 may transmit downstream data over twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE wavelengths. 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1704 may receive upstream data over 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE wavelengths. 20×10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1703 may comprise the sameelements and perform the same operations as 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE 190, and 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1704 may comprise the same elements and performthe same operations as 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE UP 188.

The operation of headend 1701 may be described by way of the processingof downstream optical data signals transmitted from headend 1701 to afield hub or outside plant, and the processing of upstream optical datasignals received from the field hub or outside plant. Each of thetransponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS1703 may receive a SONET/SDH optical data signal from a MTC and each ofthe transponders may convert the SONET/SDH optical data signal into anelectrical signal. More specifically, a first transceiver in thetransponder may convert the SONET/SDH optical data signal into anelectrical signal. A second transceiver may then convert the electricalsignal into a second optical data signal, wherein the second opticaldata signal comprises one or more packets of light each of which mayhave a distinct wavelength. Because the one or more packets of lighteach have a distinct wavelength, the second optical data signal may besaid to have this distinct wavelength. Thus, the twenty transponders in20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1703 may eachreceive a SONET/SDH optical data signal, and each of the twentytransponders may convert the received SONET/SDH optical data signal intoa corresponding second optical data signal, wherein each of thecorresponding second optical data signals has a unique wavelength. Thatis, the wavelength of each of the corresponding second optical datasignals is distinguishable from the wavelength of any of the othercorresponding second optical data signals. Thus 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1703 may generate twenty correspondingsecond optical data signals each of which has a unique wavelength.

DWDM 1705 may receive the twenty corresponding second optical datasignals as an input and output a multi-wavelength downstream opticaldata signal (e.g., 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS1707) comprising the twenty corresponding second optical data signalsonto a fiber. The multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1707 may be a 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal. Morespecifically, DWDM 1705 may multiplex the twenty corresponding secondoptical data signals onto the fiber, wherein the twenty multiplexedcorresponding second optical data signals compose the multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal. The multi-wavelength optical data signalmay have a wavelength comprising the twenty wavelengths of the twentycorresponding second optical data signals.

The multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1707, may be input to DCM 1708. 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1707 may be input intoDCM 1708 to compensate for dispersion that 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1707 may experience after being amplified byBOA 1716 and multiplexed by WDM 1723, with other optical data signals,that are downstream from the DCM. The amplified and multiplexed opticaldata signal may be referred to as an egress optical data signal, as itis the optical data signal that may be transmitted out of headend 1701over a fiber connecting headend 1701 to a field hub or outside plant. Insome embodiments, DCM 1708 may be configured to balance positive and/ornegative dispersion that may be introduced to the egress optical datasignal by the fiber. In some embodiments, DCM 1708 may be configured tocompensate for positive (temporal broadening of the egress optical datasignal) and/or negative (temporal contraction of the egress optical datasignal) dispersion introduced by fiber that is 80 km or greater inlength, to reduce the sensitivity or OSNR levels of a transceiver in aDWDM located at a field hub or outside plant. More specifically, DCM1708 may be configured to reduce the sensitivity or OSNR levelrequirement in a photodetector or fiber-optic sensor in the transceiver,which may drastically reduce the cost of the transceivers used in theDWDM located at the field hub or outside plant. DCM 1708 may output adispersion controlled version of 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 1707 as coherent 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 1710.

WDM 1713 may be a three port circulator, that receives multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 1710 on port 1711, and outputs multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 1710, on port 1714 as multi-wavelength downstreamoptical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEDS 1715 to BOA 1716. In some embodiments, Headend 1701 may not includeDCM 1708.

BOA 1716 may have a gain that is based at least in part on a distancethat a downstream signal has to travel. For example, the gain may be afunction of a fiber attenuation coefficient α, which is a measure of theintensity of the attenuation of a beam of light as it traverses a lengthof an optical fiber segment. The unit of measurement of the fiberattenuation coefficient is decibels (dB) per km (dB/km). For instance,BOA 1716 may be adjusted based at least in part on the attenuationcoefficient and length of fiber that the egress optical data signal willtravel. More specifically, the gain BOA 1716 may be G=e^((2αL)), where αis the fiber attenuation coefficient, as explained above, and L is thelength of the fiber (e.g., the length of primary fiber 1730 and/or thelength of secondary fiber 1731). Multi-wavelength downstream opticaldata signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1715may be amplified by BOA 1716, and BOA 1716 may output multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 1717 to port 1718 of WDM 1719. WDM 1719 outputs amulti-wavelength downstream optical data signal (e.g., multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 1740) from port 1720, which may be substantially thesame as multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1717. Multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 1740 may be input to variable optical amplifier (VOA)1721.

VOA 1721 may be used to reduce the power levels of Multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE DS 1740. The power reduction may done by absorption,reflection, diffusion, scattering, deflection, diffraction, anddispersion, of Multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1740. VOA 1721 typicallyhave a working wavelength range in which they absorb all light energyequally. In some embodiments VOA 1721 utilize a length of high-lossoptical fiber, that operates upon its input optical signal power levelin such a way that its output signal power level is less than the inputlevel. For example, multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1740 may have an inputpower level to VOA 1721 that may be greater than the output power levelof multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1739.

The variability of the output power level of VOA 1721 may be achievedusing a fiber coupler, where some of the power is not sent to the portthat outputs, but to another port. Another possibility is to exploitvariable coupling losses, which are influenced by variable positioningof a fiber end. For example, the transverse position of the output fiberor the width of an air gap between two fibers may be varied, obtaining avariable loss without a strong wavelength dependence. This principle maybe used for single-mode fibers. VOA 17211 may be based on some piece ofdoped fiber, exhibiting absorption within a certain wavelength range.

WDM 1723 may multiplex multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1739 and one ormore EPON, and/or GPON optical data signals. The EPON and/or GPONoptical data signals may be received on a GPON/EPON connector (e.g.,GPON/EPON 1724) from PON port 1702. The resulting multiplexed opticaldata signal may be referred to as egress optical data signal 1735.

FIG. 17B depicts an access network diagram of amultiplexer-demultiplexer (MDM), in accordance with the disclosure.Egress optical data signal 1735 may be output by WDM 1723 and opticalswitch 1726 may switch egress optical data signal 1735 onto connector1727 or connector 1734 depending on the position of switch 1726. In someembodiments, connector 1727 may be a primary connector and connector1734 may be a secondary connector or a backup connector. Wavelengthmonitoring connector 1728 may connect connector 1727 to a first port ofwavelength-monitoring ports 1744, and wavelength monitoring connector1733 may connect connector 1734 to a second port ofwavelength-monitoring ports 1744. Wavelength-monitoring ports 1744 maymonitor the wavelengths in egress optical data signal 1735 via connector1727 or connector 1734 depending on the position of switch 1726. Egressoptical data signal 1735 may exit headend 1701 via connector 1727connected to primary fiber 1730, and may be received on a firstconnector in the field hub or outside plant. Egress optical data signal1735 may exit headend 1701 via connector 1734 connected to secondaryfiber 1731, and may be received on a second connector in the field hubor outside plant. The field hub or outside plant may include a MDM withthe first connector and the second connector.

Egress optical data signal 1735 may be received at optical splitter 1793as an ingress optical data signal. Optical splitter 1793 may also bereferred to as a beam splitter, and may comprise one or more quartzsubstrates of an integrated waveguide optical power distribution device.Optical splitter 1793 may be a passive optical network device. It may bean optical fiber tandem device comprising one or more input terminalsand one or more output terminals. Optical splitter 1739 may be FusedBiconical Taper (FBT) splitter or Planar Lightwave Circuit (PLC)splitter. Optical splitter 1793 may be a balanced splitter whereinoptical splitter 1793 comprises 2 input fibers and one or more outputfibers over which the ingress optical data signal may be spreadproportionally. In some embodiments, the ingress optical data signal maynot be spread proportionally across the output fibers of opticalsplitter 1793. In some embodiments, optical splitter 1793 may comprisetwo input fibers and 2 output fibers. A first input fiber of opticalsplitter 1793 may be connected to primary fiber 1737 and a second inputfiber of optical splitter 1793 may be connected to secondary fiber 1738.

A first output fiber of optical splitter 1793 may be connected to afilter (e.g., C-band block 1792) that filters out packets of light, inthe ingress optical data signal, with wavelengths between 1530 nm and1565 nm. This range of wavelengths may coincide with a C-band ofwavelengths. In some other embodiments, the filter may filter outpackets of light with wavelengths not inclusive of the wavelengthsbetween 1260 nm and 1520 nm and not inclusive of wavelengths between1570 nm and 1660 nm. The packets of light with wavelengths inclusive ofthe wavelengths between 1260 nm and 1520 nm and inclusive of wavelengthsbetween 1570 nm and 1660 nm, may correspond to the wavelengths of thepackets of light carrying the one or more EPON and/or GPON optical datasignals transmitted along GPON/EPON 1724. More specifically, opticalsplitter 1793, may receive one or more downstream EPON and/or GPONoptical data signals 1760, in the ingress optical data signal, thatcorresponds to the one or more EPON and/or GPON optical data signalstransmitted along GPON/EPON 1724. In some embodiments, the one or moredownstream EPON and/or GPON optical data signals 1760 may have the samewavelength as GPON DS 806. Optical splitter 1793 may output the one ormore downstream EPON and/or GPON optical data signals 1760, received inthe ingress optical data signal, to C-band block 1792.

C-band block 1792 may output one or more downstream EPON and/or GPONoptical data signals 1797 corresponding to the one or more downstreamEPON and/or GPON optical data signals 1760 with wavelengths between 1260nm and 1520 nm and wavelengths between 1570 nm and 1660 nm. The C-bandblock 1792 may transmit the one or more downstream EPON and/or GPONoptical data signals 1797 to an express port (not shown in FIG. 17)collocated with, or attached to MDM 1791. In some embodiments, theexpress port may be located within the MDM 1791.

A second output fiber of optical splitter 1793 may be connected to COP1794. COP 1794 may be a PON device that monitors the coupled opticalpower between Optical Splitter 1793 and DWDM 1796. In some embodiments,the coupled optical power may be a percentage value. For instance, thecoupled optical power may be 1%. Optical splitter 1793, may receive oneor more downstream 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEoptical data signals, in the ingress optical data signal, thatcorresponds to 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS1708. In some embodiments, the one or more downstream 10G NRZ, coherent100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals may have the samewavelength as 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE 808.Optical splitter 1793 may output the one or more downstream 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals 1763,received in the ingress optical data signal, to COP 1794. COP 1794 mayoutput a first percentage of the one or more downstream 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals 1763 to10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE upstream anddownstream test ports (e.g., 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE UP & DS Test Ports 1795). The first percentage may be apercentage of the one or more downstream 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals 1763 tested by the 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE upstream and downstream testports. The first percentage of the one or more downstream 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals 1763 maybe a monitoring signal used by a spectrum analyzer to measure opticalpower levels of a specific wavelength. The first percentage of the oneor more downstream 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEoptical data signals 1763 may also be used by the spectrum analyzer toanalyze certain characteristics of the wavelengths of the firstpercentage of the one or more downstream 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals 1763. COP 1794 may output asecond percentage of the one or more downstream 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals 1765 to DWDM 1796.

Because the one or more downstream 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE optical data signals 1765 may be a multi-wavelengthdownstream optical data signal DWDM 1796 may demultiplex the one or moredownstream 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signals 1765 into individual optical data signals in accordancewith the individual wavelengths of the one or more downstream 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals 1765.More specifically, the one or more downstream 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals 1765 may be demultiplexedinto twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signals, each of which may have a unique wavelength. DWDM 1796 mayoutput each of the twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE optical data signals to each of the transponders of 20×10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS 1798. Each of thetransponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE DS1798 may be in a RPD (not shown) and may convert a receivedcorresponding 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signal, of the 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEoptical data signals, into a corresponding electrical signal. Morespecifically, a first transceiver in each of the transponders mayconvert each of the twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE optical data signals into the corresponding electrical signal.Each of the transponders may also comprise a second transceiver that mayconvert the corresponding electrical signal into a SONET/SDH opticaldata signal with a corresponding SONET/SDH optical data signalwavelength. In some embodiments, each of the twenty correspondingSONET/SDH optical data signals may have the same wavelength. In otherembodiments, each of the twenty corresponding SONET/SDH optical datasignals may have unique wavelengths. In some embodiments, the RPD may besimilar in functionality to Remote PHY Node 207. The RPD may convert theSONET/SDH optical data signals into an electrical signal that may betransmitted over one or more coaxial cables. MDM 1791 may be similar infunctionality to MDM 208 and may be connected to the RPD in a waysimilar to the connection between MDM 208 and Remote PHY Node 207.

The operation of MDM 1791 may be further described by way of theprocessing of an upstream optical data signal transmitted to headend1701. Each of the transponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE UP 1799 may receive a SONET/SDH optical data signal andeach of the transponders may convert the SONET/SDH optical data signalinto an electrical signal. Each of the transponders of 20×10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1799 may receive theSONET/SDH optical data signal from the RPD. The RPD may also convert oneor more electrical signals into the SONET/SDH optical data signal.

More specifically, a first transceiver in the transponder may convertthe SONET/SDH optical data signal into an electrical signal. A secondtransceiver may then convert the electrical signal into a second opticaldata signal, wherein the second optical data signal comprises one ormore packets of light each of which may have a distinct wavelength.Because the one or more packets of light each have a distinctwavelength, the second optical data signal may be said to have thisdistinct wavelength. Thus, the twenty transponders in 20×10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1799 may each receive aSONET/SDH optical data signal, and each of the twenty transponders mayconvert the received SONET/SDH optical data signal into a correspondingsecond optical data signal, wherein each of the corresponding secondoptical data signals has a unique wavelength. That is, the wavelength ofeach of the corresponding second optical data signals is distinguishablefrom the wavelength of any of the other corresponding second opticaldata signals. Thus 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEUP 1799 may generate twenty corresponding second optical data signalseach of which has a unique wavelength.

DWDM 1796 may receive twenty corresponding second optical data signalsas an input and output a multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal(e.g., multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal 1764) comprisingthe twenty corresponding second optical data signals. Themulti-wavelength upstream optical data signal 1764 may be a 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal. Morespecifically, DWDM 1796 may multiplex the twenty corresponding secondoptical data signals onto the fiber connecting DWDM 1796 and COP 1794,wherein the twenty multiplexed corresponding second optical data signalscompose the multi-wavelength downstream optical data signal. Themulti-wavelength optical data signal may have a wavelength comprisingthe twenty wavelengths of the twenty corresponding second optical datasignals.

The multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal 1764, may be input toCOP 1794. COP 1794 may output a first percentage of the multi-wavelengthupstream optical data signal 1664 to 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE upstream and downstream test ports (e.g., 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP & DS Test Ports 1795). Thefirst percentage may be a percentage of the multi-wavelength upstreamoptical data signal 1764 tested by the 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE upstream and downstream test ports. The firstpercentage of the multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal 1764 maybe a monitoring signal used by a spectrum analyzer to measure opticalpower levels of a specific wavelength in the multi-wavelength upstreamoptical data signal 1764. The first percentage of the multi-wavelengthupstream optical data signal 1764 may also be used by the spectrumanalyzer to analyze certain characteristics of the wavelengths of thefirst percentage of the multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal1764. COP 1794 may output a second percentage of the multi-wavelengthupstream optical data signal 1764 to optical splitter 1793 as themulti-wavelength upstream optical data signal 1762.

C-band block 1792 may receive one or more upstream EPON and/or GPONoptical data signals 1766 from an express port (not shown in FIG. 17)collocated with, or attached to MDM 1791. In some embodiments, theexpress port may be located within the MDM 1791. C-band block 1792 mayfilter out packets of light, in the one or more upstream EPON and/orGPON optical data signals 1766, with wavelengths between 1530 nm and1565 nm. Thus C-band block 1792 may output one or more upstream EPONand/or GPON optical data signals 1761 with wavelengths between 1260 nmand 1520 nm and wavelengths between 1570 nm and 1660 nm.

Optical splitter 1793 may receive one or more upstream EPON and/or GPONoptical data signals 1761, and may also receive the multi-wavelengthupstream optical data signal 1762, and may multiplex themulti-wavelength one or more upstream EPON and/or GPON optical datasignals 1761 with the multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal1762. Optical splitter 1793 outputs an egress optical data signal, whichmay be a multi-wavelength optical data signal comprising 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE, GPON/EPON optical datasignals corresponding to the multiplexed multi-wavelength one or moreupstream EPON and/or GPON optical data signals 1761 and multi-wavelengthupstream optical data signal 1762. Optical splitter 1793 may output theegress optical data signal onto primary fiber 1730 connecting theoptical splitter 1793 to port 1729. Optical splitter 1793 may alsooutput the egress optical data signal onto secondary fiber 1731connecting the optical splitter 1793 to port 1731.

The operation of headend 1701 may be described by way of the processingof upstream optical data signals received at headend 1701 from a fieldhub or outside plant. For instance, a multi-wavelength ingress opticaldata signal, comprising one or more of a 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal, EPON optical data signal,and/or GPON optical data signal or a 10GEPN.XGPON may be an upstreamoptical data signal received on primary fiber 1730 or secondary fiber1731 depending on the position of switch 1726. The upstream optical datasignal may be substantially the same as the egress optical data signal.

Multi-wavelength ingress optical data signal 1736 may traverse connector1727 and switch 1726, before entering WDM 1723 via port 1737 if switch1726 is connected to connector 1727. Multi-wavelength ingress opticaldata signal 1736 may traverse connector 1734 and switch 1726, beforeentering WDM 1723 via port 1737 if switch 1726 is connected to connector1727. WDM 1723 may demultiplex one or more 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals, EPON optical data signals,and/or GPON optical data signals from multi-wavelength ingress opticaldata signal 1736. WDM 1723 may transmit the one or more EPON and/or GPONoptical data signals along GPON/EPON 1724 to PON connector 1702 via port1725. WDM 1723 may transmit the one or more 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals (e.g., 10 GbE UP 1741) outof port 1738 to OPA 1742.

The one or more 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEoptical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEUP 1741 may be received by OPA 1742. The one or more optical datasignals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1741 maycomprise 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical datasignals. A gain associated OPA 1742 may be based at least in part on adistance that 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signals have to travel, similar to that of BOA 1716. The one ormore optical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE UP 1741 may be amplified by OPA 1742, and OPA 1742 may outputmulti-wavelength upstream optical data signal 1743 to WDM 1713.

WDM 1713 may receive the multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal1743 on port 1712, and may output one or more optical data signals 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1709 to DCM 1708. DCM1708 may perform one or more operations on one or more optical datasignals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1709 tocompensate for any dispersion that may have been introduced by circuitcomponents (e.g., WDM 1713, OPA 1742, or WDM 1723) or imperfections orissues with an optical fiber (e.g., primary fiber 1730 or secondaryfiber 1731). DCM 1708 may output one or more optical data signals 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1706 to DWDM 1705. Theone or more optical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE UP 1709 are substantially the same as multi-wavelengthupstream optical data signal 1743. WDM 1713 may function as a circulatorwhen receiving multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal 1743 onport 1712. The one or more optical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1706 may be received by DWDM 1705.

The one or more optical data signals 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE UP 1706 may comprise 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE optical data signals. DWDM 1705 may demultiplex the oneor more optical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE UP 1706 into individual optical data signals in accordance withthe individual wavelengths of the one or more optical data signals 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1706. Morespecifically, the one or more optical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1706 may be demultiplexed into twenty10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals,each of which may have a unique wavelength. DWDM 1705 may output each ofthe twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signals to each of the transponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1704. Each of the transponders of 20×10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1704 may convert areceived corresponding 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE optical data signal, of the coherent 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals, into a correspondingelectrical signal. More specifically, a first transceiver in each of thetransponders may convert each of the twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals into the correspondingelectrical signal. Each of the transponders may also comprise a secondtransceiver that may convert the corresponding electrical signal into aSONET/SDH optical data signal with a corresponding SONET/SDH opticaldata signal wavelength. In some embodiments, each of the twentycorresponding SONET/SDH optical data signals may have the samewavelength. In other embodiments, each of the twenty correspondingSONET/SDH optical data signals may have unique wavelengths. The twentytransponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP1704 may transmit the twenty SONET/SDH optical data signals to the MTCon the SONET/SDH optical network connection.

The operation of headend 1701 may be described by way of the processingof upstream optical data signals received at headend 1701 from a fieldhub or outside plant. For instance, a multi-wavelength ingress opticaldata signal, comprising one or more of a 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal, EPON optical data signal,and/or GPON optical data signal or a 10GEPN.XGPON may be an upstreamoptical data signal received on primary fiber 1730 or secondary fiber1731 depending on the position of switch 1726.

Multi-wavelength ingress optical data signal 1736 may traverse connector1727 and switch 1726, before entering WDM 1723 via port 1737 if switch1726 is connected to connector 1727. Multi-wavelength ingress opticaldata signal 1736 may traverse connector 1734 and switch 1726, beforeentering WDM 1723 via port 1737 if switch 1726 is connected to connector1727. WDM 1723 may demultiplex one or more 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals, EPON optical data signals,and/or GPON optical data signals from multi-wavelength ingress opticaldata signal 1736. WDM 1723 may transmit the one or more EPON and/or GPONoptical data signals along GPON/EPON 1724 to PON connector 1702 via port1725. WDM 1723 may transmit the one or more 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals (e.g., 10 GbE UP 1741) outof port 1738 to OPA 1742.

The one or more 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEoptical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEUP 1741 may be received by OPA 1742. The one or more optical datasignals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1741 maycomprise 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical datasignals. A gain associated OPA 1742 may be based at least in part on adistance that 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signals have to travel, similar to that of BOA 1716. The one ormore optical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE UP 1741 may be amplified by OPA 1742, and OPA 1742 may outputmulti-wavelength upstream optical data signal 1743 to WDM 1713.

WDM 1713 may receive the multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal1743 on port 1712, and may output one or more optical data signals 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1709 to DCM 1708. DCM1708 may perform one or more operations on one or more optical datasignals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1709 tocompensate for any dispersion that may have been introduced by circuitcomponents (e.g., WDM 1713, OPA 1742, or WDM 1723) or imperfections orissues with an optical fiber (e.g., primary fiber 1730 or secondaryfiber 1731). DCM 1708 may output one or more optical data signals 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1706 to DWDM 1705. Theone or more optical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE UP 1709 are substantially the same as multi-wavelengthupstream optical data signal 1743. WDM 1713 may function as a circulatorwhen receiving multi-wavelength upstream optical data signal 1743 onport 1712. The one or more optical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1706 may be received by DWDM 1705.

The one or more optical data signals 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE UP 1706 may comprise 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE optical data signals. DWDM 1705 may demultiplex the oneor more optical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or400 GbE UP 1706 into individual optical data signals in accordance withthe individual wavelengths of the one or more optical data signals 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1706. Morespecifically, the one or more optical data signals 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1706 may be demultiplexed into twenty10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals,each of which may have a unique wavelength. DWDM 1705 may output each ofthe twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signals to each of the transponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1704. Each of the transponders of 20×10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP 1704 may convert areceived corresponding 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE optical data signal, of the 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE optical data signals, into a corresponding electricalsignal. More specifically, a first transceiver in each of thetransponders may convert each of the twenty 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals into the correspondingelectrical signal. Each of the transponders may also comprise a secondtransceiver that may convert the corresponding electrical signal into aSONET/SDH optical data signal with a corresponding SONET/SDH opticaldata signal wavelength. In some embodiments, each of the twentycorresponding SONET/SDH optical data signals may have the samewavelength. In other embodiments, each of the twenty correspondingSONET/SDH optical data signals may have unique wavelengths. The twentytransponders of 20×10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE UP1704 may transmit the twenty SONET/SDH optical data signals to the MTCon the SONET/SDH optical network connection.

FIG. 18 depicts an access network diagram of an OCML headend and outsideplant, in accordance with the disclosure. At block 1802 the OCML headendmay receive one or more first optical data signals from a network. Atblock 1804 the OCML headend may combine the one or more first opticaldata signals. At block 1806 the OCML headend may generate a secondoptical data signal based at least in part on applying the combined oneor more first optical data signals to a dispersion compensation module(DCM). At block 1808 the OCML headend may generate a third optical datasignal based at least in part on applying the second optical data signalto an optical amplifier. At block 1810 the OCML headend may combine thethird optical data signal with one or more passive optical network (PON)signals into a fourth optical data signal. At block 1812 the OCMLheadend may transmit the fourth optical data signal to a field hub.

FIG. 18 may cover the operation of the OCML headend in FIGS. 1, 10, 11,14, 16, and 17 in the downstream.

FIG. 19 depicts a process of transmitting optical signals with the OCMLheadend, in accordance with the disclosure. At block 1902 the OCMLheadend may receive one or more first optical data signals from anetwork. At block 1904 the OCML headend may generate a second opticaldata signal by combining the one or more first optical data signals. Atblock 1906 the OCML headend may generate a third optical data signal bycombining the second optical data signal with one or more passiveoptical network (PON) signals. At block 1908 the headend may transmitthe fourth optical data signal to a field hub. The flowchart in FIG. 19may cover the operation of the terminal in FIGS. 3, 5, 6, 12, and 15 inthe downstream.

FIG. 20 depicts a process of transmitting optical signals with the OCMLheadend, in accordance with the disclosure. At block 2002 the OCMLheadend may receive one or more first optical data signals from anetwork. At block 2004 the OCML headend may combine the one or morefirst optical data signals. At block 2006 the OCML headend may generatea second optical data signal based at least in part on applying thecombined one or more first optical data signals to a dispersioncompensation module (DCM). At block 2008 the OCML headend may generate athird optical data signal based at least in part on applying the secondoptical data signal to an optical amplifier. At block 2010 the OCMLheadend may generate a fourth optical data signal based at least in parton applying the third optical data signal to an variable opticalattenuator. At block 2012 the OCML headend may combine the fourthoptical data signal with one or more passive optical network (PON)signals into a fifth optical data signal. At block 2014 the OCMLterminal may transmit the fifth optical data signal to a field hub. Theflowchart in FIG. 20 may cover the operation of FIG. 13 in thedownstream.

FIG. 21 depicts an illustrative aggregation node, in accordance with thedisclosure. Aggregation node 2105 may comprise one or more of amuxponder, ethernet switch or a router. Aggregation node 2105 maymultiplex one or more 10 GNRz, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbEoptical data signals received from anyone of node 2106 . . . node 2107.Aggregation node 2105 may comprise a 10GNRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE transceiver (e.g., trx 2115), that receives one or moreoptical data signals comprising a multiplexed 10 GNRz, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signals. trx 2115 may receive theseone or more optical data signals over a connection, for example a MDM(e.g., MDM 208) and may output one or more 10GNRZ or 40GNRZ optical datasignals to node 2106 . . . node 2107. For example, aggregation node 2105may transmit streaming video footage, that it received from one or morevideo servers at an OCML headend (e.g., OCML 207), over a 10GNRZ opticaldata signal. In another example, aggregation node 2105 may transmit oneor more high bandwidth packets, corresponding to several movie files, tonode 2107 over a 40GNRZ optical data signal.

Aggregation node 2105 may transmit the one or more optical data signalsto node 2106 out of txr 2125 and may transmit the one or more opticaldata signals to node 2107 out of txr 2135. Node 2106 may receive the oneor more optical data signals on txr 2126 from txr 2125, and node 2107may receive the one or more optical data signals on txr 2127 from txr2135. trx 2126 may receive one or more 10GNRZ or 40GNRZ optical datasignals and a remote physical device (R-PHY) in node 2106 (e.g., R-PHY2116) may convert the one or more optical data signals to a cable signal(e.g., a digital over cable service interface specification (DOCSIS)signal). trx 2127 may receive one or more 10GNRZ or 40GNRZ optical datasignals and a R-PHY in node 2107 (e.g., R-PHY 2117) may convert the oneor more optical data signals to a cable signal (e.g., a DOCSIS signal).After R-PHY 2116 and R-PHY 2117 convert the one or more optical datasignals to cable signals, one or more devices connected to node 2106 and2107 respectively may receive the cable signals.

Node 2106 and node 2107 may transmit cable signals to an OCML headendvia aggregation node 2105, and aggregation node 2105 may receive one ormore 10GNRZ and/or 40GNRZ optical data signals corresponding to thecable signals and may multiplex the one or more 10GNRZ and/or 40 GNRZoptical data signals onto an optical fiber. In particular, trx 2115 maymultiplex the one or more 10GNRZ and/or 40GNRZ optical data signals ontothe optical fiber as 10GNRZ, coherent 100G, 200G, and/or 400G opticaldata signals. Node 2106 and node 2107 may be one of device 299.

What is claimed is:
 1. An optical communication module link extendercomprising: a Dense Wave Division Multiplexer (DWDM) that is configuredto receive one or more optical data signals from a network, combine theone or more optical data signals, and output the combined one or moreoptical data signals, a first Wave Division Multiplexer (WDM)communicatively coupled to the DWDM the first WDM is configured toreceive the combined one or more optical data signals from the DWDM andoutput the combined one or more optical data signals, a booster opticalamplifier communicatively coupled to the first WDM, the booster opticalamplifier configured to amplify the combined one or more optical datasignals and output a first optical data signal, a second WDMcommunicatively coupled to the booster optical amplifier, the second WDMis configured to receive the amplified first optical data signal andoutput the amplified first optical data signal, a variable opticalamplifier (VOA) communicatively coupled to the second WDM, the VOA isconfigured to receive the amplified first optical data signal, adjustthe power of the amplified first optical data signal to a first level,and output a second optical data signal, a third WDM communicativelycoupled to the VOA, the third WDM is configured to combine the secondoptical data signal and one or more third signals, and output an egressoptical data signal to the optical switch, and an optical switchcommunicatively coupled to the third WDM, the optical switch isconfigured to output the egress optical data signal on a primary fiber.2. The optical communication module link extender of claim 1, whereinthe DWDM comprises an array waveguide device, or a spectrum selectivethin film filter (TFF).
 3. The optical communication module linkextender of claim 1, wherein the booster optical amplifier is an erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) or a semiconductor optical amplifier(SOA).
 4. The optical communication module link extender of claim 1,further comprising a dispersion compensation module (DCM), wherein theDCM is configured to: receive the combined one or more optical datasignals and removes any interference between adjacent symbols in the oneor more optical data signals, and transmit a first combined one or moreoptical data signals to the first WDM, wherein the first combined one ormore optical data signals include the one or more optical data signalswithout interference between the adjacent symbols.
 5. The opticalcommunication module link extender of claim 1, further comprising amodulated laser, and 10 gigabit non-return-to-zero (G NRZ) transceivercomprising one or more PIN diodes or one or more avalanche photodiodes(APDs).
 6. The optical communication module link extender of claim 1,wherein the egress optical data signal comprises a 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, or 400 GbE optical data signal, gigabit passive opticalnetwork (GPON) optical data signal, or ethernet passive optical network(EPON) optical data signal.
 7. The optical communication module linkextender of claim 11, wherein the egress optical data signal comprises a10G NRZ coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, or 400 GbE optical data signal,gigabit Ethernet passive optical network (GEPON) optical data signal, or10 gigabit passive optical network (XGPON) optical data signal.
 8. Theoptical communication module link extender of claim 1, wherein theoptical switch is further configured to output the egress optical datasignal on the secondary fiber, based at least in part on an impairmentto the primary fiber.
 9. The optical communication module link extenderof claim 1, wherein the third WDM is configured to: receive an ingressoptical data signal, and output a: PON optical data signal to a PONport, and a 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE opticaldata signal to an optical preamplifier.
 10. The optical communicationmodule link extender of claim 9, wherein the optical preamplifier isconfigured to receive the 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE optical data signal, amplify the 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE optical data signal, and output the amplified 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal to thefirst WDM.
 11. The optical communication module link extender of claim10, wherein the first WDM is further configured to receive the amplified10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal,and output the amplified 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400GbE optical data signal to the DWDM.
 12. A method for multiplexing oneor more optical data signals, the method comprising: receiving, by adense wave division multiplexer (DWDM), one or more optical datasignals; combining, by the DWDM, the one or more optical data signals;outputting, by the DWDM, the combined one or more optical data signalsto a first wave division multiplexer (WDM); outputting, by the firstWDM, the combined one or more optical data signals to a booster opticalamplifier; amplifying, by the booster optical amplifier, the combinedone or more optical data signals and outputting a first optical datasignal to a variable optical attenuator (VOA); adjusting, by the VOA,the power of the first optical data signal to a first level, andoutputting a second optical data signal to a third WDM; combining, bythe third WDM, the second optical data signal and one or more thirdsignals, and outputting an egress optical data signal to an opticalswitch; and outputting, by the optical switch, the egress optical datasignal on a primary fiber.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein theegress optical data signal comprises a 10 gigabit non-return-to-zero (GNRZ) coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal,gigabit passive optical network (GPON) optical data signal, or ethernetpassive optical network (EPON) optical data signal.
 14. The method ofclaim 12, wherein the egress optical data signal comprises a 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal, gigabitEthernet passive optical network (GEPON) optical data signal, or 10gigabit passive optical network (XGPON) optical data signal.
 15. Themethod of claim 12, further comprising outputting the egress opticaldata signal on a secondary fiber, based at least in part on animpairment to the primary fiber.
 16. The method of claim 12, furthercomprising: receiving, by the third WDM, an ingress optical data signal,and output, by the third WDM, a: PON optical data signal to a PON port,and a 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical datasignal to an optical preamplifier.
 17. The method of claim 16, furthercomprising: receiving, by the optical preamplifier, the 10G NRZ,coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal,amplifying, by the optical preamplifier, the 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE,200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal, and outputting, by theoptical preamplifier, the amplified 10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE,and/or 400 GbE optical data signal to the first WDM.
 18. The method ofclaim 17, further comprising: receiving, by the first WDM, the amplified10G NRZ, coherent 100 GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal,and outputting, by the first WDM, the amplified 10G NRZ, coherent 100GbE, 200 GbE, and/or 400 GbE optical data signal to the DWDM.
 19. Themethod of claim 12, further comprising: receive, by a dispersioncompensation module (DCM), the combined one or more optical datasignals, remove, by the DCM, any interference between adjacent symbolsin the one or more optical data signals, and transmit, by the DCM, afirst combined one or more optical data signals to the first WDM,wherein the first combined one or more optical data signals include theone or more optical data signals without interference between theadjacent symbols.
 20. The optical communication module link extender ofclaim 1, wherein the DWDM comprises an array waveguide device, or aspectrum selective thin film filter (TFF).